134. Wicked problems

Wicked problems refer to ill-formulated, complex, social problems with multiple stakeholders. It originated as a term 50 years ago, in contrast with “tame” problems that are seen as technical and with clear solutions, whereas these problems cannot be solved but rather need to be “tackled”. The term has since competed with various other labels for such problems. Lists of characteristics have historically been employed to describe the multiple aspects of wicked problems, whereas more recent approaches have used visual models to identify the main dimensions that need to be considered. Transdisciplinary approaches have been associated with wicked problems in both research and in practical community engagement. The concept has been highly contested, with some seeing it as a meaningless buzzword and an excuse for policy or project failure. In contrast others see the wicked problems as having ongoing relevance in tackling the complexities of modern life.