A decrease in mesophyll conductance by Cell-Wall thickening contributes to photosynthetic downregulation

It has been argued that accumulation of nonstructural carbohydrates triggers a decrease in Rubisco content, which downregulates photosynthesis. However, a decrease in the sink–source ratio in several plant species leads to a decrease in photosynthesis and increases in both structural and nonstructural carbohydrate content. Here, we tested whether increases in cell-wall materials, rather than starch content, impact directly on photosynthesis by decreasing mesophyll conductance. We measured various morphological, anatomical, and physiological traits in primary leaves of soybean (Glycine max) and French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) grown under high- or low-nitrogen conditions. We removed other leaves 2 weeks after sowing to decrease the sink–source ratio and conducted measurements 0, 1, and 2 weeks after defoliation.