@inproceedings{5803e98c3f22427bb858529d0a36eaea,
title = "A global atlas of 616,000 pumped hydro energy storage sites",
abstract = "As the proportion of wind and solar photovoltaics (PV) in an electrical grid extends into the 30-100\% range a combination of additional long-distance high voltage transmission, demand management and storage is required for stability. Pumped Hydro Energy Storage (PHES) constitutes 99\% of electrical energy storage worldwide because of its low cost compared with alternatives. We have conducted a comprehensive global search for prospective PHES sites. We found 616,000 potentially feasible PHES sites with storage potential of about 23 million Gigawatt-hours (GWh) by using geographic information system (GIS) analysis. This is around 100 times more than required to support a 100\% global renewable electricity system.",
keywords = "Pumped hydro energy storage, Solar, Wind energy",
author = "Andrew Blakers and Matt Stocks and Ryan Stocks and Bin Lu and Cheng Cheng",
note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2019. The Authors. Published by International Solar Energy Society Selection and/or peer review under responsibility of Scientific Committee; ISES Solar World Congress 2019, SWC 2019 and IEA SHC International Conference on Solar Heating and Cooling for Buildings and Industry 2019, SHC 2019 ; Conference date: 04-11-2019 Through 07-11-2019",
year = "2020",
doi = "10.18086/swc.2019.20.02",
language = "English",
series = "Proceedings of the ISES Solar World Congress 2019 and IEA SHC International Conference on Solar Heating and Cooling for Buildings and Industry 2019",
publisher = "International Solar Energy Society ",
pages = "1117--1121",
editor = "Cardemil, \{Jose Miguel\} and Ken Guthrie and Ricardo Ruther",
booktitle = "Proceedings of the ISES Solar World Congress 2019 and IEA SHC International Conference on Solar Heating and Cooling for Buildings and Industry 2019",
}