TY - JOUR
T1 - A review of energy efficiency evaluation metrics for data centers
AU - Shao, Xiaotong
AU - Zhang, Zhongbin
AU - Song, Ping
AU - Feng, Yanzhen
AU - Wang, Xiaolin
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 Elsevier B.V.
PY - 2022/9/15
Y1 - 2022/9/15
N2 - The rapid development of the Internet requires data center infrastructures to be extended to a large scale with a higher power capacity and a reduction in energy consumption and carbon emissions. It is of great significance for this application to reduce energy consumption, capital cost and carbon emissions while ensuring a safe and reliable data center operation. Evaluation metrics have been considered an effective method to assess the energy efficiency of data centers and have been widely used in various data centers for many years. This work reviews the latest progress of data center evaluation metrics development in recent 20 years. Energy efficiency metrics are summarized based on energy conservation, eco-design and data center security, with the advantages and disadvantages and their correlations discussed. The applicability of each metric is analyzed. The influencing factors of energy efficiency of data centers discussed include site selection, IT equipment, power supply and distribution systems, cooling systems, building structure, and temperature control. The results show that the current evaluation metrics are valuable for the assessment of energy saving of data centers. However, more comprehensive and multi-scale evaluation metrics combining energy consumption, eco-design and data center security are needed to accelerate the progress towards carbon neutrality. In this paper, the hierarchy analysis of metrics is carried out according to sustainability, and metrics in line with sustainable development should be used preferentially.
AB - The rapid development of the Internet requires data center infrastructures to be extended to a large scale with a higher power capacity and a reduction in energy consumption and carbon emissions. It is of great significance for this application to reduce energy consumption, capital cost and carbon emissions while ensuring a safe and reliable data center operation. Evaluation metrics have been considered an effective method to assess the energy efficiency of data centers and have been widely used in various data centers for many years. This work reviews the latest progress of data center evaluation metrics development in recent 20 years. Energy efficiency metrics are summarized based on energy conservation, eco-design and data center security, with the advantages and disadvantages and their correlations discussed. The applicability of each metric is analyzed. The influencing factors of energy efficiency of data centers discussed include site selection, IT equipment, power supply and distribution systems, cooling systems, building structure, and temperature control. The results show that the current evaluation metrics are valuable for the assessment of energy saving of data centers. However, more comprehensive and multi-scale evaluation metrics combining energy consumption, eco-design and data center security are needed to accelerate the progress towards carbon neutrality. In this paper, the hierarchy analysis of metrics is carried out according to sustainability, and metrics in line with sustainable development should be used preferentially.
KW - Carbon neutrality
KW - Data center
KW - Energy consumption
KW - Energy efficiency evaluation metrics
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85134568808&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.enbuild.2022.112308
DO - 10.1016/j.enbuild.2022.112308
M3 - Review article
SN - 0378-7788
VL - 271
JO - Energy and Buildings
JF - Energy and Buildings
M1 - 112308
ER -