Amino Acid Homeostasis in Mammalian Cells with a Focus on Amino Acid Transport

Stefan Bröer*, Gregory Gauthier-Coles

*Corresponding author for this work

    Research output: Contribution to journalReview articlepeer-review

    42 Citations (Scopus)

    Abstract

    Amino acid homeostasis is maintained by import, export, oxidation, and synthesis of nonessential amino acids, and by the synthesis and breakdown of protein. These processes work in conjunction with regulatory elements that sense amino acids or their metabolites. During and after nutrient intake, amino acid homeostasis is dominated by autoregulatory processes such as transport and oxidation of excess amino acids. Amino acid deprivation triggers processes such as autophagy and the execution of broader transcriptional programs to maintain plasma amino acid concentrations. Amino acid transport plays a crucial role in the absorption of amino acids in the intestine, the distribution of amino acids across cells and organs, the recycling of amino acids in the kidney, and the recycling of amino acids after protein breakdown.

    Original languageEnglish
    Pages (from-to)16-28
    Number of pages13
    JournalJournal of Nutrition
    Volume152
    Issue number1
    DOIs
    Publication statusPublished - 1 Jan 2022

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