An adaptive volumetric flux boundary condition for lattice Boltzmann methods

This paper presents a spatially and temporally adaptive boundary condition to specify the volumetric flow rate for lattice Boltzmann methods. The approach differs from standard velocity boundary conditions because it allows the velocity to vary over the boundary region provided that the total flux through the boundary satisfies a prescribed constraint, which is a typical scenario for laboratory experimental studies. This condition allows the boundary pressure to adjust dynamically to yield a specified boundary flow rate as a means to avoid unphysical mismatch between the boundary velocity and the interior flow field that can arise when a standard velocity boundary condition is applied. The method is validated for simulation of one- and two-fluid flow in complex materials, with conditions determined to match typical experiments used to study flow in porous media.