Antipoisoning nickel-carbon electrocatalyst for practical electrochemical co₂ reduction to CO

The feasibility of utilizing electrochemical reduction of CO₂ (CO₂RR) to close the global carbon cycle is hindered by the absence of practical electrocatalysts that can be adopted in large CO₂ emitting sources with impurities. To address this, we use density functional theory (DFT) calculations to design a strategy to develop Ni coordinated graphitic carbon shells (referred as Ni@NC-900) catalyst. This strategy not only prolongs stability and endows antipoisoning properties of the catalyst but also reforms the electronic structure of the outer graphitic carbon shell to make it active for CO₂RR. As a result, Ni@NC-900 demonstrates a high conversion of CO₂ to CO with a Faradaic efficiency (FE_CO) of 96% and a partial current density for CO (j_CO) of â -17 mA cm^-2 at an applied potential of-1 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE). This activity can be further scaled up to attain a j_CO of â 30 mA cm^-2 for 18 h at a cell voltage of 2.6 V in a high-Throughput continuous gas diffusion electrode (GDE) system. In addition to exhibiting high activity and stability, Ni@NC-900 displays exceptional tolerance toward impurities (from SO_x, NO_x, CN^-), highlighting the suitability of these rationally designed catalysts for large-scale application in fossil-fuel based power plants.