Authentic leadership, empowerment and burnout: A comparison in new graduates and experienced nurses

Aim To examine the effect of authentic leadership and structural empowerment on the emotional exhaustion and cynicism of new graduates and experienced acute-care nurses. Background Employee empowerment is a fundamental component of healthy work environments that promote nurse health and retention, and nursing leadership is key to creating these environments. Method In a secondary analysis of data from two studies we compared the pattern of relationships among study variables in two Ontario groups: 342 new graduates with <2years of experience and 273 nurses with more than 2years of experience. Results A multi-group path analysis using Structural Equation Modelling indicated an acceptable fit of the final model (χ²=17.52, df=2, P<0.001, CFI=0.97, IFI= 0.97 and RMSEA=0.11). Authentic leadership significantly and negatively influenced emotional exhaustion and cynicism through workplace empowerment in both groups. Conclusions The authentic behaviour of nursing leaders was important to nurses' perceptions of structurally empowering conditions in their work environments, regardless of experience level, and ultimately contributed to lower levels of emotional exhaustion and cynicism. Implications for nursing management Leadership training for nurse managers may help develop the empowering work environments required in today's health-care organizations in order to attract and retain nurses.