Characterization of highly porous nanoparticle deposits by permeance measurements

Highly porous deposits of flame-made aerosol nanoparticles were formed by filtration through a porous substrate (α-alumina, average pore diameter 3.7μm). The aerosol was characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) showing average primary and agglomerate particle sizes of 4.1 and 30nm, respectively. The analysis of the cake structure (determination of pore-size, d_ec, and porosity, Ε_c) was carried out by two non-destructive permeance methods. The first ("method I") was based solely on the dusty gas model (DGM) for mass-transfer. Thereafter, an expression ("method II") for the calculation of the cake porosity was derived for Knudsen numbers >10. Permeance analysis revealed pore-sizes (equivalent cylindrical diameter) of the deposited cakes of approximately 200nm, independent of mass deposited (w_d=0.7-36.8mg). Calculation of the porosity by method I was prone to large errors due to any anisotropy of the porosity and resulted in unrealistically high Ε_c values at low deposited mass (e.g. Ε_c=0.99 at w_d=0.7mg). In contrast, the porosities (average Ε_c=0.947-0.949) calculated by method II were independent of deposited mass and in excellent agreement to scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis (Ε_c=0.94-0.97), as well as to previous studies at comparable experimental conditions (Ε_c=0.95).