'Citizen of Nowhere' or 'the Point Where Circles Intersect'? Impartialist and Embedded Cosmopolitanisms

Ethical cosmopolitanism is conventionally taken to be a stance that requires an impartialist point of viewa perspective above and beyond all particular ties and loyalties. Taking seriously the claims of those critics who counter that morality must have a particularist starting-point, this article examines the viability of an alternative understanding of cosmopolitanism: embedded cosmopolitanism. Using moral justifications for patriotism as points of contrast, it presents embedded cosmopolitanism as a position that recognises community membership as being morally constitutive, but challenges the common assumption that communities are necessarily bounded and territorially determinate.