Clinical utility and prospective of TMS–EEG

Sara Tremblay*, Nigel C. Rogasch, Isabella Premoli, Daniel M. Blumberger, Silvia Casarotto, Robert Chen, Vincenzo Di Lazzaro, Faranak Farzan, Fabio Ferrarelli, Paul B. Fitzgerald, Jeanette Hui, Risto J. Ilmoniemi, Vasilios K. Kimiskidis, Dimitris Kugiumtzis, Pantelis Lioumis, Alvaro Pascual-Leone, Maria Concetta Pellicciari, Tarek Rajji, Gregor Thut, Reza ZomorrodiUlf Ziemann, Zafiris J. Daskalakis

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalReview articlepeer-review

284 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Concurrent transcranial magnetic stimulation and electroencephalography (TMS–EEG) has emerged as a powerful tool to non-invasively probe brain circuits in humans, allowing for the assessment of several cortical properties such as excitability and connectivity. Over the past decade, this technique has been applied to various clinical populations, enabling the characterization and development of potential TMS–EEG predictors and markers of treatments and of the pathophysiology of brain disorders. The objective of this article is to present a comprehensive review of studies that have used TMS–EEG in clinical populations and to discuss potential clinical applications. To provide a technical and theoretical framework, we first give an overview of TMS–EEG methodology and discuss the current state of knowledge regarding the use of TMS–EEG to assess excitability, inhibition, plasticity and connectivity following neuromodulatory techniques in the healthy brain. We then review the insights afforded by TMS–EEG into the pathophysiology and predictors of treatment response in psychiatric and neurological conditions, before presenting recommendations for how to address some of the salient challenges faced in clinical TMS–EEG research. Finally, we conclude by presenting future directions in line with the tremendous potential of TMS–EEG as a clinical tool.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)802-844
Number of pages43
JournalClinical Neurophysiology
Volume130
Issue number5
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - May 2019
Externally publishedYes

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