Conclusion

Concludes that the World Bank and other international organizations have a central role to play in addressing long-term global challenges, but these institutions must transform themselves and their partnerships to have success. Given the likelihood that official development assistance (ODA) will continue to decline while global challenges worsen, international organizations need to adopt a far more determined and strategic approach to the delivery of global public goods (GPGs), because without effective action, many of the development gains of the last decades may disappear. Three mega-challenges remain critical to ongoing World Bank-led partnerships: (1) healthy oceans, (2) climate-smart agriculture, and (3) climate-smart, livable cities. The challenges faced on urban growth, ocean degradation and food security remain long-term and complex, and they require both a vision of what success would look like, and an understanding of the collective action needed to get the world into that state.