Contrasting longitudinal and cross-sectional relationships between insulin resistance and percentage of body fat, fitness, and physical activity in children - the LOOK study

Richard D. Telford; Ross B. Cunningham; Jonathan E. Shaw; David W. Dunstan; Antony RA Lafferty; Graham J. Reynolds; Peter E. Hickman; Emma Southcott; Julia M. Potter; Paul Waring; Rohan M. Telford

doi:10.1111/j.1399-5448.2009.00513.x

Contrasting longitudinal and cross-sectional relationships between insulin resistance and percentage of body fat, fitness, and physical activity in children - the LOOK study

Richard D. Telford^*, Ross B. Cunningham, Jonathan E. Shaw, David W. Dunstan, Antony RA Lafferty, Graham J. Reynolds, Peter E. Hickman, Emma Southcott, Julia M. Potter, Paul Waring, Rohan M. Telford

^*Corresponding author for this work

School of Medicine and Psychology

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15 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Telford RD, Cunningham RB, Shaw JE, Dunstan DW, Lafferty ARA, Reynolds GJ, Hickman PE, Southcott E, Potter JM, Waring P, Telford RM. Contrasting longitudinal and cross-sectional relationships between insulin resistance and percentage of body fat, fitness and physical activity in children- the LOOK study.Background: Knowledge of individual changes in insulin resistance (IR) and longitudinal relationships of IR with lifestyle-associated factors are of important practical significance, but little longitudinal data exist in asymptomatic children. We aimed to determine (a) changes in the homeostatic model of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) over a 2-yr period and (b) comparisons of longitudinal and cross-sectional relationships between HOMA-IR and lifestyle-related risk factors. Methods: Our subjects, 241 boys and 257 girls, were assessed at age 8.1 yr (SD 0.35) and again 2 yr later for fasting blood glucose and insulin, dual X-ray absorptiometry-assessed percentage of body fat (%BF), pedometer-assessed physical activity (PA), and cardio-respiratory fitness (CRF) by multistage running test. Results:: HOMA-IR was initially 9% greater in girls than boys and 27% greater 2 yr later. There was no evidence of longitudinal relationships between HOMA-IR and %BF in boys or girls, despite significant cross-sectional relationships (p < 0.001). In boys, there was evidence of a longitudinal relationship between HOMA-IR and both PA (p < 0.001) and CRF (p = 0.05). In girls, we found a cross-sectional relationship between HOMA-IR and CRF (p < 0.001). Conclusions:: HOMA-IR increases between 8 and 10 yr of age and to a greater extent in girls. Longitudinal, unlike cross-sectional, relationships do not support the premise that body fat has any impact on HOMA-IR during this period or that PA or CRF changes affect HOMA-IR in girls. These data draw attention to difficulties in interpreting observational studies in young children.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	500-507
Number of pages	8
Journal	Pediatric Diabetes
Volume	10
Issue number	8
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-5448.2009.00513.x
Publication status	Published - Dec 2009

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Telford, R. D., Cunningham, R. B., Shaw, J. E., Dunstan, D. W., Lafferty, A. RA., Reynolds, G. J., Hickman, P. E., Southcott, E., Potter, J. M., Waring, P., & Telford, R. M. (2009). Contrasting longitudinal and cross-sectional relationships between insulin resistance and percentage of body fat, fitness, and physical activity in children - the LOOK study. Pediatric Diabetes, 10(8), 500-507. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-5448.2009.00513.x

@article{a8554875de4446b7b6e4dc4ca5c8f4a8,

title = "Contrasting longitudinal and cross-sectional relationships between insulin resistance and percentage of body fat, fitness, and physical activity in children - the LOOK study",

abstract = "Telford RD, Cunningham RB, Shaw JE, Dunstan DW, Lafferty ARA, Reynolds GJ, Hickman PE, Southcott E, Potter JM, Waring P, Telford RM. Contrasting longitudinal and cross-sectional relationships between insulin resistance and percentage of body fat, fitness and physical activity in children- the LOOK study.Background: Knowledge of individual changes in insulin resistance (IR) and longitudinal relationships of IR with lifestyle-associated factors are of important practical significance, but little longitudinal data exist in asymptomatic children. We aimed to determine (a) changes in the homeostatic model of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) over a 2-yr period and (b) comparisons of longitudinal and cross-sectional relationships between HOMA-IR and lifestyle-related risk factors. Methods: Our subjects, 241 boys and 257 girls, were assessed at age 8.1 yr (SD 0.35) and again 2 yr later for fasting blood glucose and insulin, dual X-ray absorptiometry-assessed percentage of body fat (%BF), pedometer-assessed physical activity (PA), and cardio-respiratory fitness (CRF) by multistage running test. Results:: HOMA-IR was initially 9% greater in girls than boys and 27% greater 2 yr later. There was no evidence of longitudinal relationships between HOMA-IR and %BF in boys or girls, despite significant cross-sectional relationships (p < 0.001). In boys, there was evidence of a longitudinal relationship between HOMA-IR and both PA (p < 0.001) and CRF (p = 0.05). In girls, we found a cross-sectional relationship between HOMA-IR and CRF (p < 0.001). Conclusions:: HOMA-IR increases between 8 and 10 yr of age and to a greater extent in girls. Longitudinal, unlike cross-sectional, relationships do not support the premise that body fat has any impact on HOMA-IR during this period or that PA or CRF changes affect HOMA-IR in girls. These data draw attention to difficulties in interpreting observational studies in young children.",

keywords = "Body fat, Children, Fitness, IR, Obesity, PA",

author = "Telford, {Richard D.} and Cunningham, {Ross B.} and Shaw, {Jonathan E.} and Dunstan, {David W.} and Lafferty, {Antony RA} and Reynolds, {Graham J.} and Hickman, {Peter E.} and Emma Southcott and Potter, {Julia M.} and Paul Waring and Telford, {Rohan M.}",

year = "2009",

month = dec,

doi = "10.1111/j.1399-5448.2009.00513.x",

language = "English",

volume = "10",

pages = "500--507",

journal = "Pediatric Diabetes",

issn = "1399-543X",

publisher = "Wiley-Hindawi",

number = "8",

}

Telford, RD, Cunningham, RB, Shaw, JE, Dunstan, DW, Lafferty, ARA, Reynolds, GJ, Hickman, PE, Southcott, E, Potter, JM, Waring, P & Telford, RM 2009, 'Contrasting longitudinal and cross-sectional relationships between insulin resistance and percentage of body fat, fitness, and physical activity in children - the LOOK study', Pediatric Diabetes, vol. 10, no. 8, pp. 500-507. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-5448.2009.00513.x

Contrasting longitudinal and cross-sectional relationships between insulin resistance and percentage of body fat, fitness, and physical activity in children - the LOOK study. / Telford, Richard D.; Cunningham, Ross B.; Shaw, Jonathan E. et al.
In: Pediatric Diabetes, Vol. 10, No. 8, 12.2009, p. 500-507.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

TY - JOUR

T1 - Contrasting longitudinal and cross-sectional relationships between insulin resistance and percentage of body fat, fitness, and physical activity in children - the LOOK study

AU - Telford, Richard D.

AU - Cunningham, Ross B.

AU - Shaw, Jonathan E.

AU - Dunstan, David W.

AU - Lafferty, Antony RA

AU - Reynolds, Graham J.

AU - Hickman, Peter E.

AU - Southcott, Emma

AU - Potter, Julia M.

AU - Waring, Paul

AU - Telford, Rohan M.

PY - 2009/12

Y1 - 2009/12

N2 - Telford RD, Cunningham RB, Shaw JE, Dunstan DW, Lafferty ARA, Reynolds GJ, Hickman PE, Southcott E, Potter JM, Waring P, Telford RM. Contrasting longitudinal and cross-sectional relationships between insulin resistance and percentage of body fat, fitness and physical activity in children- the LOOK study.Background: Knowledge of individual changes in insulin resistance (IR) and longitudinal relationships of IR with lifestyle-associated factors are of important practical significance, but little longitudinal data exist in asymptomatic children. We aimed to determine (a) changes in the homeostatic model of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) over a 2-yr period and (b) comparisons of longitudinal and cross-sectional relationships between HOMA-IR and lifestyle-related risk factors. Methods: Our subjects, 241 boys and 257 girls, were assessed at age 8.1 yr (SD 0.35) and again 2 yr later for fasting blood glucose and insulin, dual X-ray absorptiometry-assessed percentage of body fat (%BF), pedometer-assessed physical activity (PA), and cardio-respiratory fitness (CRF) by multistage running test. Results:: HOMA-IR was initially 9% greater in girls than boys and 27% greater 2 yr later. There was no evidence of longitudinal relationships between HOMA-IR and %BF in boys or girls, despite significant cross-sectional relationships (p < 0.001). In boys, there was evidence of a longitudinal relationship between HOMA-IR and both PA (p < 0.001) and CRF (p = 0.05). In girls, we found a cross-sectional relationship between HOMA-IR and CRF (p < 0.001). Conclusions:: HOMA-IR increases between 8 and 10 yr of age and to a greater extent in girls. Longitudinal, unlike cross-sectional, relationships do not support the premise that body fat has any impact on HOMA-IR during this period or that PA or CRF changes affect HOMA-IR in girls. These data draw attention to difficulties in interpreting observational studies in young children.

AB - Telford RD, Cunningham RB, Shaw JE, Dunstan DW, Lafferty ARA, Reynolds GJ, Hickman PE, Southcott E, Potter JM, Waring P, Telford RM. Contrasting longitudinal and cross-sectional relationships between insulin resistance and percentage of body fat, fitness and physical activity in children- the LOOK study.Background: Knowledge of individual changes in insulin resistance (IR) and longitudinal relationships of IR with lifestyle-associated factors are of important practical significance, but little longitudinal data exist in asymptomatic children. We aimed to determine (a) changes in the homeostatic model of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) over a 2-yr period and (b) comparisons of longitudinal and cross-sectional relationships between HOMA-IR and lifestyle-related risk factors. Methods: Our subjects, 241 boys and 257 girls, were assessed at age 8.1 yr (SD 0.35) and again 2 yr later for fasting blood glucose and insulin, dual X-ray absorptiometry-assessed percentage of body fat (%BF), pedometer-assessed physical activity (PA), and cardio-respiratory fitness (CRF) by multistage running test. Results:: HOMA-IR was initially 9% greater in girls than boys and 27% greater 2 yr later. There was no evidence of longitudinal relationships between HOMA-IR and %BF in boys or girls, despite significant cross-sectional relationships (p < 0.001). In boys, there was evidence of a longitudinal relationship between HOMA-IR and both PA (p < 0.001) and CRF (p = 0.05). In girls, we found a cross-sectional relationship between HOMA-IR and CRF (p < 0.001). Conclusions:: HOMA-IR increases between 8 and 10 yr of age and to a greater extent in girls. Longitudinal, unlike cross-sectional, relationships do not support the premise that body fat has any impact on HOMA-IR during this period or that PA or CRF changes affect HOMA-IR in girls. These data draw attention to difficulties in interpreting observational studies in young children.

KW - Body fat

KW - Children

KW - Fitness

KW - IR

KW - Obesity

KW - PA

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=77449130945&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1111/j.1399-5448.2009.00513.x

DO - 10.1111/j.1399-5448.2009.00513.x

M3 - Article

SN - 1399-543X

VL - 10

SP - 500

EP - 507

JO - Pediatric Diabetes

JF - Pediatric Diabetes

IS - 8

ER -

Contrasting longitudinal and cross-sectional relationships between insulin resistance and percentage of body fat, fitness, and physical activity in children - the LOOK study

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