Decoherence quantification through commutation relations decay for open quantum harmonic oscillators

This paper is concerned with multimode open quantum harmonic oscillators (OQHOs) described by linear quantum stochastic differential equations with multichannel external bosonic fields. We consider the exponentially fast decay in the two-point commutator matrix of the system variables as a manifestation of quantum decoherence. Such dissipative effects are caused by the interaction of the system with its environment and lead to a loss of specific features of the unitary evolution which the system would have in the case of isolated dynamics. These features provide nonclassical resources exploited in quantum computation and quantum information processing technologies. We discuss a system-theoretic definition of decoherence time in terms of the commutator matrix decay and obtain an upper bound for it using algebraic Lyapunov inequalities. Employing spectrum perturbation techniques, we investigate the asymptotic behaviour of a related Lyapunov exponent for the oscillator when the system-field coupling is specified by a small coupling strength parameter and a given coupling shape matrix. The invariant quantum state of the system, driven by vacuum fields, in the weak-coupling limit is also studied. We illustrate the results for one- and two-mode oscillators with multichannel external fields and outline their application to a decoherence control problem for a feedback interconnection of multimode OQHOs.