TY - JOUR
T1 - Differential preservation of vertebrates in Southeast Asian caves
AU - Louys, Julien
AU - Kealy, Shimona
AU - O’Connor, Sue
AU - Price, Gilbert J.
AU - Hawkins, Stuart
AU - Aplin, Ken
AU - Rizal, Yan
AU - Zaim, Jahdi
AU - Mahirta,
AU - Tanudirjo, Daud A.
AU - Santoso, Wahyu Dwijo
AU - Hidayah, Ati Rati
AU - Trihascaryo, Agus
AU - Wood, Rachel
AU - Bevitt, Joseph
AU - Clark, Tara
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2017, Societa Speleologica Italiana. All rights reserved.
PY - 2017
Y1 - 2017
N2 - Caves have been an important source of vertebrate fossils for much of Southeast Asia, particularly for the Quaternary. Despite this importance, the mechanisms by which vertebrate remains accumulate and preserve in Southeast Asian caves has never been systematically reviewed or examined. Here, we present the results of three years of cave surveys in Indonesia and Timor-Leste, describing cave systems and their attendant vertebrate accumulations in diverse geological, biogeographical, and environmental settings. While each cave system is unique, we find that the accumulation and preservation of vertebrate remains are highly dependent on local geology and environment. These factors notwithstanding, we find the dominant factor responsible for faunal deposition is the presence or absence of biological accumulating agents, a factor directly dictated by biogeographical history. In small, isolated, volcanic islands, the only significant accumulation occurs in archaeological settings, thereby limiting our understanding of the palaeontology of those islands prior to human arrival. In karstic landscapes on both oceanic and continental islands, our understanding of the longterm preservation of vertebrates is still in its infancy. The formation processes of vertebratebearing breccias, their taphonomic histories, and the criteria used to determine whether these represent syngenetic or multiple deposits remain critically understudied. The latter in particular has important implications for arguments on how breccia deposits from the region should be analysed and interpreted when reconstructing palaeoenvironments.
AB - Caves have been an important source of vertebrate fossils for much of Southeast Asia, particularly for the Quaternary. Despite this importance, the mechanisms by which vertebrate remains accumulate and preserve in Southeast Asian caves has never been systematically reviewed or examined. Here, we present the results of three years of cave surveys in Indonesia and Timor-Leste, describing cave systems and their attendant vertebrate accumulations in diverse geological, biogeographical, and environmental settings. While each cave system is unique, we find that the accumulation and preservation of vertebrate remains are highly dependent on local geology and environment. These factors notwithstanding, we find the dominant factor responsible for faunal deposition is the presence or absence of biological accumulating agents, a factor directly dictated by biogeographical history. In small, isolated, volcanic islands, the only significant accumulation occurs in archaeological settings, thereby limiting our understanding of the palaeontology of those islands prior to human arrival. In karstic landscapes on both oceanic and continental islands, our understanding of the longterm preservation of vertebrates is still in its infancy. The formation processes of vertebratebearing breccias, their taphonomic histories, and the criteria used to determine whether these represent syngenetic or multiple deposits remain critically understudied. The latter in particular has important implications for arguments on how breccia deposits from the region should be analysed and interpreted when reconstructing palaeoenvironments.
KW - Geoarchaeology
KW - Palaeontology
KW - Sumatra
KW - Taphonomy
KW - Wallacea
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85031280837&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.5038/1827-806X.46.3.2131
DO - 10.5038/1827-806X.46.3.2131
M3 - Article
SN - 0392-6672
VL - 46
SP - 379
EP - 408
JO - International Journal of Speleology
JF - International Journal of Speleology
IS - 3
ER -