@inproceedings{3ffddca8b15f4b208308842e21493009,
title = "Enabling photonic technologies for seeing-limited telescopes: Fabrication of integrated photonic lanterns on a chip",
abstract = "In this paper we present theoretical and laboratory results on integrated directly-written photonic lanterns with varying taper lengths. These lanterns convert seeing-limited light into multiple diffraction limited signals, in other words, a multimode signal into multiple single-mode signals. We investigated 19-channel structures which were written within a 30-mm-long glass block and designed to operate at 1550 nm. A single structure consisted of a multimode waveguide which transitioned into an array of single-mode waveguides and then back to a multimode waveguide utilizing cosine taper transitions. Based on simulations we found that transition lengths of 6 mm were sufficient to obtain throughput at a level of ∼95%. Fabricated devices showed losses (coupling and transition losses) at the level of 30% for injection F/# > 5 and taper lengths > 5 mm. We believe that such devices show great promise for future use in astronomy.",
keywords = "Astrophotonics, Multimode waveguides, Photonic lanterns, Ultrafast direct write",
author = "Izabela Spaleniak and Nemanja Jovanovic and Simon Gross and Michael Ireland and Jon Lawrence and Michael Withford",
year = "2012",
doi = "10.1117/12.925264",
language = "English",
isbn = "9780819491510",
series = "Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering",
booktitle = "Modern Technologies in Space- and Ground-Based Telescopes and Instrumentation II",
note = "Modern Technologies in Space- and Ground-Based Telescopes and Instrumentation II ; Conference date: 01-07-2012 Through 06-07-2012",
}