Engagement and participation in protected area management: who, why, how and when?

This chapter explores the demands on, and opportunities provided to, protected area managers when engaging with individuals, communities and organisations whose interests intersect with protected area management. The first section notes the emergence of collaborative arrangements in resource and environmental management and how these apply to protected area management. Then general principles applying to engagement and public participation are introduced. The last four sections explore four questions: with whom protected area managers engage; why these individuals and groups engage with protected area management, and their values and motivations; how, or the forms of and strategies for engagement and participation; and when engagement should occur.