Exact Floquet states of a driven condensate and their stabilities

We investigate the Gross-Pitaevskii equation which describes an atomic Bose-Einstein condensate confined in an optical lattice and driven by a spatiotemporal periodic laser field. It is demonstrated that the exact Floquet states appear when the external time-dependent potential is balanced by the nonlinear mean-field interaction. The balance region of parameters is divided into a phase-continuing region and a phase-jumping one. In the latter region, the Floquet states are spatiotemporal vortices of nontrivial phase structures and zero-density cores. Due to the velocity singularities of vortex cores and the blowing-up of perturbed solutions, the spatiotemporal vortices are unstable periodic states embedded into chaos. The stability and instability of these Floquet states are numerically explored by the time evolution of fidelity between the exact and numerical solutions. It is numerically illustrated that the stable Floquet states in the phase-continuing region could be prepared from the uniformly initial states by slow growth of the external potential.