@inbook{d9f36b2a8c7f4ac19c5c1f2ba03cabf8,
title = "Freshwater availability under climate change",
abstract = "The 2014 Samoa UN Conference on Small Island Developing States (SIDS) reaffirmed the vulnerability of SIDS to global changes and extreme events. The effect of climate change on freshwater availability was highlighted as a major challenge. Here, we examine the diverse sources and uses of freshwater in Pacific island countries. The hydrological processes that determine freshwater availability, including ENSO events, and their historic trends across the Pacific are presented. Current challenges to water security are summarised, and the projected impacts of climate change, including sea level rise, on freshwater availability are considered. Current projections handle poorly the all-important impact of ENSO events, and because of the observed resilience of islands to sea level change, there is significant uncertainty about projections on freshwater availability apart from an increase in rainfall intensity. The best adaptation strategy appears to be overcoming the current challenges by building on the recognised strengths of island communities and investing in education and training.",
keywords = "Climate change projections, Extreme events, Freshwater lens, Groundwater, Pacific islands, Rainwater, Surface water, Water availability, Water resources, Water security, Water use",
author = "Tony Falkland and Ian White",
note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020.",
year = "2020",
doi = "10.1007/978-3-030-32878-8_11",
language = "English",
series = "Springer Climate",
publisher = "Springer",
pages = "403--448",
booktitle = "Springer Climate",
address = "Germany",
}