From Systems Metaphors to Project Manager Intelligence: Fostering Stakeholder Relationships

This paper combines systems metaphors with Gardner’s multiple intelligences theory to develop a comprehensive model for managing stakeholder relationships. By incorporating various systemic perspectives—machine, organism, cultural/political, societal/environmental, and interrelationships—the model provides a holistic framework that positions different types of intelligence—logical, spatial, interpersonal, naturalistic, linguistic, intrapersonal, existential, kinesthetic, and musical—as essential tools for managing these relationships. Empirical validation from interviews with experienced project managers highlights the model’s practical relevance in real-world contexts. The proposed model not only enhances the conceptual understanding of stakeholder relationships but also lays a theoretical foundation for future research into how project managers can improve stakeholder engagement through the integration of systems thinking and intelligence-driven strategies. Additionally, this model equips project managers to effectively navigate the complexities of stakeholder interactions and build stronger stakeholder relationships.