Grape phylloxera: New investigations into the biology of an old grapevine pest

Grape phylloxera (Daktulosphaira vitifoliae Fitch) is a worldwide pest in viticulture due to damage caused to the root system of the European grapevine, Vitis vinifera L. The main management option for radicicolae (root-feeding) grape phylloxera is the use of resistant rootstocks. However, due to the success of resistant rootstocks in limiting the damage caused by the pest insect, a range of questions relating to the biology, nutrition and feeding behaviour of grape phylloxera have remained unanswered. Recent research investigated a number of these biological features with the development of an artificial feeding system and examination into the insects feeding behaviour on susceptible grapevine roots. These results were related to the internal structure of the digestive system of grape phylloxera. The major conclusions from this research are summarised and discussed in relation to the current management strategy for the pest insect, especially in relation to the Australian viticulture industry. Radicicolae grape phylloxera were the focus of all research experiments due to the importance of root damage to Australian viticulture. By addressing knowledge gaps that exist for the biology of grape phylloxera advances may be made on the development of alternative management options, along with ensuring the sustainability of existing options, for the pest insect.