TY - JOUR
T1 - Harnessing third parties as surrogate regulators
T2 - Achieving environmental outcomes by alternative means
AU - Gunningham, N.
AU - Phillipson, M.
AU - Grabosky, P.
PY - 1999
Y1 - 1999
N2 - The need to design innovative strategies alternative or complementary to that of government regulation is becoming increasingly apparent. This article examines one such innovation: to use both business and commercial entities and non-commercial third parties as surrogates for, or complements to, direct government regulation. This strategy will still involve government intervention, but selectively and in combination with a range of market solutions, and of public and private orderings. The contexts and circumstances in which third parties might be used as surrogate regulators are considered; the impediments to them acting in this role and the extent and circumstances in which they might be overcome are identified; and the roles that governments might play in facilitating, encouraging or otherwise ensuring that third parties do act successfully as surrogate regulators are examined.
AB - The need to design innovative strategies alternative or complementary to that of government regulation is becoming increasingly apparent. This article examines one such innovation: to use both business and commercial entities and non-commercial third parties as surrogates for, or complements to, direct government regulation. This strategy will still involve government intervention, but selectively and in combination with a range of market solutions, and of public and private orderings. The contexts and circumstances in which third parties might be used as surrogate regulators are considered; the impediments to them acting in this role and the extent and circumstances in which they might be overcome are identified; and the roles that governments might play in facilitating, encouraging or otherwise ensuring that third parties do act successfully as surrogate regulators are examined.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0032870115&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1002/(sici)1099-0836(199907/08)8:4<211::aid-bse205>3.3.co;2-b
DO - 10.1002/(sici)1099-0836(199907/08)8:4<211::aid-bse205>3.3.co;2-b
M3 - Article
SN - 0964-4733
VL - 8
SP - 211
EP - 224
JO - Business Strategy and the Environment
JF - Business Strategy and the Environment
IS - 4
ER -