Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and associated factors among women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) attending an infertility center in Nepal: a cross-sectional study

Background Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) significantly impairs women's health -related quality of life (HRQoL), yet evidence from Nepal remains limited. This study aimed to assess HRQoL and associated factors among women with PCOS attending an infertility center in Kathmandu, Nepal. Methods A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from March to September 2023 among 135 women aged 18-45 years diagnosed with PCOS, selected through simple random sampling. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews using validated instruments: the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Questionnaire (PCOSQ), the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF), and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-4). Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, bivariate analyses, and multiple linear regression to identify the factors associated with HRQoL. Results The mean overall HRQoL score was 5.04 +/- 1.44 on a 7-point scale, with the lowest domain scores observed for infertility (3.34 +/- 1.72), emotional well-being (4.29 +/- 0.97), and menstruation (4.32 +/- 1.13) domains, while the body hair domain was least affected (8.58 +/- 1.86). In adjusted regression, younger age, marital status, higher BMI, acne, menstrual irregularities, fertility-related history, physical inactivity, substance use, and high stress were significantly associated with poorer HRQoL (p < 0.05). Conclusion Women with PCOS in Nepal experience significant impairment in HRQoL, most notably in relation to infertility, emotional well-being, and menstrual irregularities. Both modifiable and non-modifiable factors were associated with poorer HRQoL. These findings highlight the need for a holistic, patient-centered approach that integrates medical, psychological, and lifestyle interventions, particularly in resource-limited settings.