High-temperature formation of concentric fullerene-like structures within foam-like carbon: Experiment and molecular dynamics simulation

D. W.M. Lau; D. G. McCulloch; N. A. Marks; N. R. Madsen; A. V. Rode

doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.75.233408

High-temperature formation of concentric fullerene-like structures within foam-like carbon: Experiment and molecular dynamics simulation

D. W.M. Lau^*, D. G. McCulloch, N. A. Marks, N. R. Madsen, A. V. Rode

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

56 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

The formation mechanism of carbon onions is investigated. The microstructure of onions formed using pulsed-laser deposition is found to depend critically on the background gas pressure. Molecular dynamics simulations show that an optimal annealing temperature of 4000 K is required to form well-ordered onions (concentric fullerene-like spheres), in agreement with experiment. The onions form from the outer layer first, and a model is presented in which the background pressure must be sufficient to allow atoms to cluster, yet low enough to allow annealing into well-ordered onions.

Original language	English
Article number	233408
Journal	Physical Review B - Condensed Matter and Materials Physics
Volume	75
Issue number	23
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.75.233408
Publication status	Published - 15 Jun 2007

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10.1103/PhysRevB.75.233408

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AU - Rode, A. V.

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AB - The formation mechanism of carbon onions is investigated. The microstructure of onions formed using pulsed-laser deposition is found to depend critically on the background gas pressure. Molecular dynamics simulations show that an optimal annealing temperature of 4000 K is required to form well-ordered onions (concentric fullerene-like spheres), in agreement with experiment. The onions form from the outer layer first, and a model is presented in which the background pressure must be sufficient to allow atoms to cluster, yet low enough to allow annealing into well-ordered onions.

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High-temperature formation of concentric fullerene-like structures within foam-like carbon: Experiment and molecular dynamics simulation

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