How Changing the Bridgehead Can Affect the Properties of Tripodal Ligands

Although a multitude of studies have explored the coordination chemistry of classical tripodal ligands containing a range of main-group bridgehead atoms or groups, it is not clear how periodic trends affect ligand character and reactivity within a single ligand family. A case in point is the extensive family of neutral tris-2-pyridyl ligands E(2-py)₃ (E=C−R, N, P), which are closely related to archetypal tris-pyrazolyl borates. With the 6-methyl substituted ligands E(6-Me-2-py)₃ (E=As, Sb, Bi) in hand, the effects of bridgehead modification alone on descending a single group in the periodic table were assessed. The primary influence on coordination behaviour is the increasing Lewis acidity (electropositivity) of the bridgehead atom as Group 15 is descended, which not only modulates the electron density on the pyridyl donor groups but also introduces the potential for anion selective coordination behaviour.