@inbook{4ce2c49224f54ef3827219df279d975c,
title = "HTLV-I and Strongyloides in Australia: The worm lurking beneath",
abstract = "Strongyloidiasis and HTLV-I (human T-lymphotropic virus-1) are important infections that are endemic in many countries around the world with an estimated 370 million infected with Strongyloides stercoralis alone, and 5–10 million with HTVL-I. Co-infections with these pathogens are associated with significant morbidity and can be fatal. HTLV-I infects T-cells thus causing dysregulation of the immune system which has been linked to dissemination and hyperinfection of S. stercoralis leading to bacterial sepsis which can result in death. Both of these pathogens are endemic in Australia primarily in remote communities in Queensland, the Northern Territory, and Western Australia. Other cases in Australia have occurred in immigrants and refugees, returned travellers, and Australian Defence Force personnel. HTLV-I infection is lifelong with no known cure. Strongyloidiasis is a long-term chronic disease that can remain latent for decades, as shown by infections diagnosed in prisoners of war from World War II and the Vietnam War testing positive decades after they returned from these conflicts. This review aims to shed light on concomitant infections of HTLV-I with S. stercoralis primarily in Australia but in the global context as well.",
keywords = "Australia, HTLV-1, HTLV-I, Human T-lymphotropic virus, Strongyloides fuelleborni fuelleborni, Strongyloides fuelleborni kellyi, Strongyloides stercoralis",
author = "Gordon, {Catherine A.} and Shield, {Jennifer M.} and Bradbury, {Richard S.} and Stephen Muhi and Wendy Page and Judd, {Jenni A.} and Rogan Lee and Biggs, {Beverley Ann} and Kirstin Ross and Johanna Kurscheid and Gray, {Darren J.} and McManus, {Donald P.}",
note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 Elsevier Ltd",
year = "2021",
month = jan,
doi = "10.1016/bs.apar.2020.11.002",
language = "English",
isbn = "9780128246030",
series = "Advances in Parasitology",
publisher = "Academic Press",
pages = "119--201",
editor = "David Rollinson and Stothard, {J. Russell}",
booktitle = "Advances in Parasitology",
address = "United States",
}