TY - JOUR
T1 - Individual and household-level risk factors for sporadic salmonellosis in children
AU - Williams, S.
AU - Markey, P.
AU - Harlock, M.
AU - Binns, P.
AU - Gaggin, J.
AU - Patel, M.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2015 The British Infection Association.
PY - 2016/1/1
Y1 - 2016/1/1
N2 - Objectives: To explore risk factors for sporadic salmonellosis at the individual and household level in children in tropical Darwin, where animal faeces contaminated with Salmonella is thought to be common. Methods: A 2-year community based case-control study of children aged 0-4 years residing in Darwin and Palmerston from June 2006. Variables included behaviour, health, food, family and housing characteristics. Environmental samples were taken from houses of case and control children. Results: Of children whose parents were contacted, 59/131 cases and 95/222 controls were included. Salmonella was isolated from 41/56 (73%) case houses and 18/29 (62%) control houses (p = 0.29). Multivariate analyses showed breastfeeding 0.16 (p = 0.02), increasing age (months) 0.89 (p = 0.00) and daily vacuuming 0.18 (p = 0.06) were protective; consuming powdered formula milk 4.88 (p = 0.02), pet ownership 4.86 (p = 0.02), oral contact with animals 7.85 (p = 0.05), recent antibiotic use 10.01 (p = 0.03) and sweeping in the presence of children 3.73 (p = 0.04) were associated with sporadic salmonellosis. Conclusions: Salmonellosis in children under 5 years of age is associated with potentially modifiable risk factors other than food. Breastfeeding beyond 6 months, careful hygiene when preparing formula milk and around pets, frequent cleaning of infant play areas especially quick removal of animal faeces are behaviours likely to reduce childhood sporadic salmonellosis.
AB - Objectives: To explore risk factors for sporadic salmonellosis at the individual and household level in children in tropical Darwin, where animal faeces contaminated with Salmonella is thought to be common. Methods: A 2-year community based case-control study of children aged 0-4 years residing in Darwin and Palmerston from June 2006. Variables included behaviour, health, food, family and housing characteristics. Environmental samples were taken from houses of case and control children. Results: Of children whose parents were contacted, 59/131 cases and 95/222 controls were included. Salmonella was isolated from 41/56 (73%) case houses and 18/29 (62%) control houses (p = 0.29). Multivariate analyses showed breastfeeding 0.16 (p = 0.02), increasing age (months) 0.89 (p = 0.00) and daily vacuuming 0.18 (p = 0.06) were protective; consuming powdered formula milk 4.88 (p = 0.02), pet ownership 4.86 (p = 0.02), oral contact with animals 7.85 (p = 0.05), recent antibiotic use 10.01 (p = 0.03) and sweeping in the presence of children 3.73 (p = 0.04) were associated with sporadic salmonellosis. Conclusions: Salmonellosis in children under 5 years of age is associated with potentially modifiable risk factors other than food. Breastfeeding beyond 6 months, careful hygiene when preparing formula milk and around pets, frequent cleaning of infant play areas especially quick removal of animal faeces are behaviours likely to reduce childhood sporadic salmonellosis.
KW - Animals
KW - Breast feeding
KW - Case-control studies
KW - Child
KW - Faeces
KW - Formula
KW - Infant
KW - Residence characteristics
KW - Risk factors
KW - Salmonella infections
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84955394738&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.jinf.2015.09.014
DO - 10.1016/j.jinf.2015.09.014
M3 - Article
SN - 0163-4453
VL - 72
SP - 36
EP - 44
JO - Journal of Infection
JF - Journal of Infection
IS - 1
ER -