Interplay between chromatin remodeling and epigenetic changes during lineage-specific commitment to granzyme B expression

The role of chromatin remodeling and histone posttranslational modifications and how they are integrated to control gene expression during the acquisition of cell-specific functions is poorly understood. We show here that following in vitro activation of CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T lymphocytes, both cell types show rapid histone H3 loss at the granzyme B (gzmB) proximal promoter region. However, despite the gzmB proximal promoter being remodeled in both T cell subsets, only CD8⁺ T cells express high levels of gzmB and display a distinct pattern of key epigenetic marks, notably differential H3 acetylation and methylation. These data suggest that for high levels of transcription to occur a distinct set of histone modifications needs to be established in addition to histone loss at the proximal promoter of gzmB.