Islamophobia in the Era of Islamic State

For decades, and especially since 11 September 2001, many academics, policymakers and activists have struggled against what they consider to be unacceptable attacks on Muslims and Islam itself. Over a decade before President Obama used the same words, President Bush said of the War on Terror, 'Ours is... not a war against Islam'. It became commonplace to distinguish, as they both did, between the faith and its radicalised followers and to question formulations like 'the roots of Muslim rage' or 'clash of civilisations' as causal explanations for violence