Keck/MOSFIRE spectroscopic confirmation of a virgo-like cluster ancestor at z = 2.095

Tiantian Yuan; Themiya Nanayakkara; Glenn G. Kacprzak; Kim Vy H. Tran; Karl Glazebrook; Lisa J. Kewley; Lee R. Spitler; Gregory B. Poole; Ivo Labbé; Caroline M.S. Straatman; Adam R. Tomczak

doi:10.1088/2041-8205/795/1/L20

Keck/MOSFIRE spectroscopic confirmation of a virgo-like cluster ancestor at z = 2.095

Tiantian Yuan^*, Themiya Nanayakkara, Glenn G. Kacprzak, Kim Vy H. Tran, Karl Glazebrook, Lisa J. Kewley, Lee R. Spitler, Gregory B. Poole, Ivo Labbé, Caroline M.S. Straatman, Adam R. Tomczak

^*Corresponding author for this work

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Abstract

We present spectroscopic confirmation of a galaxy cluster at z = 2.095 in the COSMOS field. This galaxy cluster was first reported in the ZFOURGE survey as harboring evolved massive galaxies using photometric redshifts derived with deep near-infrared (NIR) medium-band filters. We obtain medium-resolution (R ∼ 3600) NIR spectroscopy with MOSFIRE on the Keck 1 telescope and secure 180 redshifts in a 12′ x 12′ region. We find a prominent spike of 57 galaxies at z = 2.095 corresponding to the galaxy cluster. The cluster velocity dispersion is measured to be σ_v1D = 552 ± 52 km s^-1. This is the first study of a galaxy cluster in this redshift range (z ≳ 2.0) with the combination of spectral resolution (∼26 km s^-1) and the number of confirmed members (>50) needed to impose a meaningful constraint on the cluster velocity dispersion and map its members over a large field of view. Our ΛCDM cosmological simulation suggests that this cluster will most likely evolve into a Virgo-like cluster with M_vir = 10^14.4±0.3 M_⊙ (68% confidence) at z ∼ 0. The theoretical probability of finding such a cluster is ∼4%. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of studying galaxy clusters at z > 2 in the same detailed manner using multi-object NIR spectrographs as has been done in the optical in lower-redshift clusters.

Original language	English
Journal	Astrophysical Journal Letters
Volume	795
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1088/2041-8205/795/1/L20
Publication status	Published - 1 Nov 2014

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title = "Keck/MOSFIRE spectroscopic confirmation of a virgo-like cluster ancestor at z = 2.095",

abstract = "We present spectroscopic confirmation of a galaxy cluster at z = 2.095 in the COSMOS field. This galaxy cluster was first reported in the ZFOURGE survey as harboring evolved massive galaxies using photometric redshifts derived with deep near-infrared (NIR) medium-band filters. We obtain medium-resolution (R ∼ 3600) NIR spectroscopy with MOSFIRE on the Keck 1 telescope and secure 180 redshifts in a 12′ x 12′ region. We find a prominent spike of 57 galaxies at z = 2.095 corresponding to the galaxy cluster. The cluster velocity dispersion is measured to be σv1D = 552 ± 52 km s-1. This is the first study of a galaxy cluster in this redshift range (z ≳ 2.0) with the combination of spectral resolution (∼26 km s-1) and the number of confirmed members (>50) needed to impose a meaningful constraint on the cluster velocity dispersion and map its members over a large field of view. Our ΛCDM cosmological simulation suggests that this cluster will most likely evolve into a Virgo-like cluster with Mvir = 1014.4±0.3 M⊙ (68% confidence) at z ∼ 0. The theoretical probability of finding such a cluster is ∼4%. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of studying galaxy clusters at z > 2 in the same detailed manner using multi-object NIR spectrographs as has been done in the optical in lower-redshift clusters.",

keywords = "Galaxies: clusters: general, Galaxies: high-redshift, Large-scale structure of universe",

author = "Tiantian Yuan and Themiya Nanayakkara and Kacprzak, {Glenn G.} and Tran, {Kim Vy H.} and Karl Glazebrook and Kewley, {Lisa J.} and Spitler, {Lee R.} and Poole, {Gregory B.} and Ivo Labb{\'e} and Straatman, {Caroline M.S.} and Tomczak, {Adam R.}",

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T1 - Keck/MOSFIRE spectroscopic confirmation of a virgo-like cluster ancestor at z = 2.095

AU - Yuan, Tiantian

AU - Nanayakkara, Themiya

AU - Kacprzak, Glenn G.

AU - Tran, Kim Vy H.

AU - Glazebrook, Karl

AU - Kewley, Lisa J.

AU - Spitler, Lee R.

AU - Poole, Gregory B.

AU - Labbé, Ivo

AU - Straatman, Caroline M.S.

AU - Tomczak, Adam R.

PY - 2014/11/1

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N2 - We present spectroscopic confirmation of a galaxy cluster at z = 2.095 in the COSMOS field. This galaxy cluster was first reported in the ZFOURGE survey as harboring evolved massive galaxies using photometric redshifts derived with deep near-infrared (NIR) medium-band filters. We obtain medium-resolution (R ∼ 3600) NIR spectroscopy with MOSFIRE on the Keck 1 telescope and secure 180 redshifts in a 12′ x 12′ region. We find a prominent spike of 57 galaxies at z = 2.095 corresponding to the galaxy cluster. The cluster velocity dispersion is measured to be σv1D = 552 ± 52 km s-1. This is the first study of a galaxy cluster in this redshift range (z ≳ 2.0) with the combination of spectral resolution (∼26 km s-1) and the number of confirmed members (>50) needed to impose a meaningful constraint on the cluster velocity dispersion and map its members over a large field of view. Our ΛCDM cosmological simulation suggests that this cluster will most likely evolve into a Virgo-like cluster with Mvir = 1014.4±0.3 M⊙ (68% confidence) at z ∼ 0. The theoretical probability of finding such a cluster is ∼4%. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of studying galaxy clusters at z > 2 in the same detailed manner using multi-object NIR spectrographs as has been done in the optical in lower-redshift clusters.

AB - We present spectroscopic confirmation of a galaxy cluster at z = 2.095 in the COSMOS field. This galaxy cluster was first reported in the ZFOURGE survey as harboring evolved massive galaxies using photometric redshifts derived with deep near-infrared (NIR) medium-band filters. We obtain medium-resolution (R ∼ 3600) NIR spectroscopy with MOSFIRE on the Keck 1 telescope and secure 180 redshifts in a 12′ x 12′ region. We find a prominent spike of 57 galaxies at z = 2.095 corresponding to the galaxy cluster. The cluster velocity dispersion is measured to be σv1D = 552 ± 52 km s-1. This is the first study of a galaxy cluster in this redshift range (z ≳ 2.0) with the combination of spectral resolution (∼26 km s-1) and the number of confirmed members (>50) needed to impose a meaningful constraint on the cluster velocity dispersion and map its members over a large field of view. Our ΛCDM cosmological simulation suggests that this cluster will most likely evolve into a Virgo-like cluster with Mvir = 1014.4±0.3 M⊙ (68% confidence) at z ∼ 0. The theoretical probability of finding such a cluster is ∼4%. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of studying galaxy clusters at z > 2 in the same detailed manner using multi-object NIR spectrographs as has been done in the optical in lower-redshift clusters.

KW - Galaxies: clusters: general

KW - Galaxies: high-redshift

KW - Large-scale structure of universe

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DO - 10.1088/2041-8205/795/1/L20

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SN - 2041-8205

VL - 795

JO - Astrophysical Journal Letters

JF - Astrophysical Journal Letters

IS - 1

ER -

Keck/MOSFIRE spectroscopic confirmation of a virgo-like cluster ancestor at z = 2.095

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