Laser Powder Bed Fusion of Molybdenum and Mo-0.1SiC Studied by Positron Annihilation Lifetime Spectroscopy and Electron Backscatter Diffraction Methods †

Positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) has been used for the first time to investigate the microstructure of additively manufactured molybdenum. Despite the wide applicability of positron annihilation spectroscopy techniques to the defect analysis of metals, they have only been used sparingly to monitor the microstructural evolution of additively manufactured metals. Molybdenum and molybdenum with a dilute addition (0.1 wt%) of nano-sized silicon carbide, prepared via laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) at four different scan speeds: 100, 200, 400, and 800 mm/s, were studied by PALS and compared with electron backscatter diffraction analysis. The aim of this study was to clarify the extent to which PALS can be used to identify microstructural changes resulting from varying LPBF process parameters. Grain sizes and misorientation results do not correlate with positron lifetimes indicating the positrons are sampling regions within the grains. Positron annihilation spectroscopy identified the presence of dislocations and nano-voids not revealed through electron microscopy techniques and correlated with the findings of SiO₂ nanoparticles in the samples prepared with silicon carbide. The comparison of results indicates the usefulness of positron techniques to characterize nano-structure in additively manufactured metals due to the significant increase in atomic-level information.