LCCL proteins of apicomplexan parasites

The LCCL module is a conserved, autonomous protein-folding domain that has recently been found in several extracellular proteins of apicomplexan parasites including Plasmodium, Toxoplasma, Cryptosporidium and Theileria, identifying a new protein family in the Apicomplexa. The expression and structure of these modular proteins has fostered speculation about the roles of these novel molecules in immune evasion. Here, the current data and literature on the members of this protein family are reviewed, with a discussion on their possible roles in host-parasite interaction.