Learning and adapting for jungle warfare, 1942-45: The Australian and British Indian Armies

Defeats in the Malayan, Papuan and Burma campaigns of 1942 convinced the Australian and Indian armies that new tactics and training were required for new and challenging environments. In particular, it became apparent that basic training had been woefully inadequate for the rapidly expanded armies, many of whom lacked a clear understanding of basic tactics, techniques and procedures. There were various pre-war manuals available, including Field Service Regulations, as well as branch-specific manuals such as Infantry Training: Training and War; these were still relevant and, with updating during the war, served as foundational resources.