Life, gravity and the second law of thermodynamics

Charles H. Lineweaver*, Chas A. Egan

*Corresponding author for this work

    Research output: Contribution to journalReview articlepeer-review

    66 Citations (Scopus)

    Abstract

    We review the cosmic evolution of entropy and the gravitational origin of the free energy required by life. All dissipative structures in the universe including all forms of life, owe their existence to the fact that the universe started in a low entropy state and has not yet reached equilibrium. The low initial entropy was due to the low gravitational entropy of the nearly homogeneously distributed matter and has, through gravitational collapse, evolved gradients in density, temperature, pressure and chemistry. These gradients, when steep enough, give rise to far from equilibrium dissipative structures (e.g., galaxies, stars, black holes, hurricanes and life) which emerge spontaneously to hasten the destruction of the gradients which spawned them. This represents a paradigm shift from "we eat food" to "food has produced us to eat it".

    Original languageEnglish
    Pages (from-to)225-242
    Number of pages18
    JournalPhysics of Life Reviews
    Volume5
    Issue number4
    DOIs
    Publication statusPublished - Dec 2008

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