Making Ado Without Expectations

This paper is a response to Paul Bartha's 'Making Do Without Expectations'. We provide an assessment of the strengths and limitations of two notable extensions of standard decision theory: relative expectation theory (RET) and Paul Bartha's relative utility theory (RUT). These extensions are designed to provide intuitive answers to some well-known problems in decision theory involving gaps in expectations. We argue that both RET and RUT go some way towards providing solutions to the problems in question but neither extension solves all the relevant problems.