Mechanisms of crustal anatexis: A geochemical study of partially melted metapelitic enclaves and host dacite, SE Spain

To shed light on the mechanisms of crustal anatexis, a detailed geochemical study has been conducted on minerals and glasses of quenched anatectic metapelitic enclaves and their host peraluminous dacites at El Hoyazo, SE Spain. Anatectic enclaves, composed of plagioclase + biotite + sillimanite + garnet + glass ± K-feldspar ± cordierite + graphite, formed during the rapid heating and overstepped melting of a greenschist-facies metapelite, and finally equilibrated at 850±508C and 5-7 kbar. Glass appears as melt inclusions within all mineral phases and in the matrix of the enclaves, and has a major element composition similar to that of peraluminous leucogranites. Melt inclusions and matrix glasses have normative quartz-orthoclase-albite compositions that plot in the vicinity of H₂O-undersaturated haplogranite eutectics. Melt inclusions show some compositional variability, with high Li, Cs and B, low Y, first row transition elements (FRTE) and rare earth elements (REE), and zircon and monazite saturation temperatures of ~665-750°C.They are interpreted as melts produced by muscovitebreakdown melting reactions at the onset of the process of rapid melting and mostly under H₂O-undersaturated conditions. Compared with melt inclusions, matrix glasses show less compositional variability, lower large ion lithophile element contents, higherY, FRTE and REE, and higher zircon and monazite saturation temperatures (~695-8158C).They are interpreted as former melts recording the onset of biotite dehydration-melting. Matrix glasses in the dacite are compositionally different from glasses in the enclaves, hence the genetic connection between metasedimentary enclaves and dacite is not as straightforward as previous petrographic and bulk major element data suggest; this opens the possibility for some alternative interpretation.This study shows the following: (1) melt inclusions provide a window of information into the prograde evolution of anatexis in the enclaves; (2) melting occurred for the most part under H₂O-undersaturated conditions even if, because of the rapid heating, the protolith preserved most of the structurally bound H₂O contained at greenschist facies up to the beginning of anatexis, such that the excess H₂O maximized the amount of H₂O-undersaturated melt generated during anatexis; (3) although a large proportion of accessory minerals are currently shielded within major mineral phases, they have progressively dissolved to a considerable extent into the melt phase along the prograde anatectic path, as indicated by the relative clustering of accessory mineral saturation temperatures and closeness of these temperatures to those of potential melting reactions; (4) the dacite magma was probably produced by coalescence of meltsderived from several compositionally distinct metasedimentary protoliths.