Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the Australian community: An evolving epidemic

Graeme R. Nimmo; Geoffrey W. Coombs; Julie C. Pearson; Francis G. O'Brien; Keryn J. Christiansen; John D. Turnidge; Iain B. Gosbell; Peter Collignon; Mary Louise McLaws; Joan Faoagali; Narelle George; Jacqueline Harper; Jacqueline Schooneveldt; Susan Bradbury; Sue Tiley; Tom Gottlieb; Glenn Funnell; Clarence Fernandes; Richard Benn; Barbara Yan; Helen Ziochos; Alison Vickery; David Mitchell; Sam Ryder; James Branley; Denis Spelman; Clare Franklin; Sue Garland; Gena Gonis; Mary Jo Waters; Linda Joyce; Peter Ward; John Andrew; Alistair McGregor; Rob Peterson; Jan Bell; Irene Lim; Rachael Pratt; Hendrik Pruul; Leigh Mulgrave; David McGechie; Graham Francis; Gary Lurn; Miriam Paul; Jenny Robson; P. C. Lee; Sue Benson

doi:10.5694/j.1326-5377.2006.tb00287.x

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the Australian community: An evolving epidemic

Graeme R. Nimmo^*, Geoffrey W. Coombs, Julie C. Pearson, Francis G. O'Brien, Keryn J. Christiansen, John D. Turnidge, Iain B. Gosbell, Peter Collignon, Mary Louise McLaws, Joan Faoagali, Narelle George, Jacqueline Harper, Jacqueline Schooneveldt, Susan Bradbury, Sue Tiley, Tom Gottlieb, Glenn Funnell, Clarence Fernandes, Richard Benn, Barbara YanHelen Ziochos, Alison Vickery, David Mitchell, Sam Ryder, James Branley, Denis Spelman, Clare Franklin, Sue Garland, Gena Gonis, Mary Jo Waters, Linda Joyce, Peter Ward, John Andrew, Alistair McGregor, Rob Peterson, Jan Bell, Irene Lim, Rachael Pratt, Hendrik Pruul, Leigh Mulgrave, David McGechie, Graham Francis, Gary Lurn, Miriam Paul, Jenny Robson, P. C. Lee, Sue Benson

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

104 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Objective: To describe antimicrobial resistance and molecular epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolated in community settings in Australia. Design and setting: Survey of S. aureus isolates collected prospectively Australia-wide between July 2004 and February 2005; results were compared with those of similar surveys conducted in 2000 and 2002. Main outcome measures: Up to 100 consecutive, unique clinical isolates of S. aureus from outpatient settings were collected at each of 22 teaching hospital and five private laboratories from cities in all Australian states and territories. They were characterised by antimicrobial susceptibilities (by agar dilution methods), coagulase gene typing, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, multilocus sequence typing, SCCmec typing and polymerase chain reaction tests for Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) gene. Results: 2652 S. aureus isolates were collected, of which 395 (14.9%) were MRSA. The number of community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA) isolates rose from 4.7% (118/2498) of S. aureus isolates in 2000 to 7.3% (194/2652) in 2004 (P=0.001). Of the three major CA-MRSA strains, WA-1 constituted 45/257 (18%) of MRSA in 2000 and 64/395 (16%) in 2004 (P=0.89), while the Queensland (QLD) strain increased from 13/257 (5%) to 58/395 (15%) (P=0.0004), and the south-west Pacific (SWP) strain decreased from 33/257 (13%) to 26/395 (7%) (P=0.01). PVL genes were detected in 90/195 (46%) of CA-MRSA strains, including 5/64 (8%) of WA-1, 56/58 (97%) of QLD, and 25/26 (96%) of SWP strains. Among health care-associated MRSA strains, all AUS-2 and AUS-3 isolates were multidrug-resistant, and UK EMRSA-15 isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin and erythromycin (50%) or to ciprofloxacin alone (44%). Almost all (98%) of CA-MRSA strains were non-multiresistant. Conclusions: Community-onset MRSA continues to spread throughout Australia. The hypervirulence determinant PVL is often found in two of the most common CA-MRSA strains. The rapid changes in prevalence emphasise the importance of ongoing surveillance.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	384-388
Number of pages	5
Journal	Medical Journal of Australia
Volume	184
Issue number	8
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.2006.tb00287.x
Publication status	Published - 17 Apr 2006

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Nimmo, G. R., Coombs, G. W., Pearson, J. C., O'Brien, F. G., Christiansen, K. J., Turnidge, J. D., Gosbell, I. B., Collignon, P., McLaws, M. L., Faoagali, J., George, N., Harper, J., Schooneveldt, J., Bradbury, S., Tiley, S., Gottlieb, T., Funnell, G., Fernandes, C., Benn, R., ... Benson, S. (2006). Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the Australian community: An evolving epidemic. Medical Journal of Australia, 184(8), 384-388. https://doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.2006.tb00287.x

@article{5e4d97097ae7405c8ce6391eb277237f,

title = "Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the Australian community: An evolving epidemic",

abstract = "Objective: To describe antimicrobial resistance and molecular epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolated in community settings in Australia. Design and setting: Survey of S. aureus isolates collected prospectively Australia-wide between July 2004 and February 2005; results were compared with those of similar surveys conducted in 2000 and 2002. Main outcome measures: Up to 100 consecutive, unique clinical isolates of S. aureus from outpatient settings were collected at each of 22 teaching hospital and five private laboratories from cities in all Australian states and territories. They were characterised by antimicrobial susceptibilities (by agar dilution methods), coagulase gene typing, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, multilocus sequence typing, SCCmec typing and polymerase chain reaction tests for Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) gene. Results: 2652 S. aureus isolates were collected, of which 395 (14.9%) were MRSA. The number of community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA) isolates rose from 4.7% (118/2498) of S. aureus isolates in 2000 to 7.3% (194/2652) in 2004 (P=0.001). Of the three major CA-MRSA strains, WA-1 constituted 45/257 (18%) of MRSA in 2000 and 64/395 (16%) in 2004 (P=0.89), while the Queensland (QLD) strain increased from 13/257 (5%) to 58/395 (15%) (P=0.0004), and the south-west Pacific (SWP) strain decreased from 33/257 (13%) to 26/395 (7%) (P=0.01). PVL genes were detected in 90/195 (46%) of CA-MRSA strains, including 5/64 (8%) of WA-1, 56/58 (97%) of QLD, and 25/26 (96%) of SWP strains. Among health care-associated MRSA strains, all AUS-2 and AUS-3 isolates were multidrug-resistant, and UK EMRSA-15 isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin and erythromycin (50%) or to ciprofloxacin alone (44%). Almost all (98%) of CA-MRSA strains were non-multiresistant. Conclusions: Community-onset MRSA continues to spread throughout Australia. The hypervirulence determinant PVL is often found in two of the most common CA-MRSA strains. The rapid changes in prevalence emphasise the importance of ongoing surveillance.",

author = "Nimmo, {Graeme R.} and Coombs, {Geoffrey W.} and Pearson, {Julie C.} and O'Brien, {Francis G.} and Christiansen, {Keryn J.} and Turnidge, {John D.} and Gosbell, {Iain B.} and Peter Collignon and McLaws, {Mary Louise} and Joan Faoagali and Narelle George and Jacqueline Harper and Jacqueline Schooneveldt and Susan Bradbury and Sue Tiley and Tom Gottlieb and Glenn Funnell and Clarence Fernandes and Richard Benn and Barbara Yan and Helen Ziochos and Alison Vickery and David Mitchell and Sam Ryder and James Branley and Denis Spelman and Clare Franklin and Sue Garland and Gena Gonis and Waters, {Mary Jo} and Linda Joyce and Peter Ward and John Andrew and Alistair McGregor and Rob Peterson and Jan Bell and Irene Lim and Rachael Pratt and Hendrik Pruul and Leigh Mulgrave and David McGechie and Graham Francis and Gary Lurn and Miriam Paul and Jenny Robson and Lee, {P. C.} and Sue Benson",

year = "2006",

month = apr,

day = "17",

doi = "10.5694/j.1326-5377.2006.tb00287.x",

language = "English",

volume = "184",

pages = "384--388",

journal = "Medical Journal of Australia",

issn = "0025-729X",

publisher = "Australasian Medical Publishing Co. Ltd",

number = "8",

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Nimmo, GR, Coombs, GW, Pearson, JC, O'Brien, FG, Christiansen, KJ, Turnidge, JD, Gosbell, IB, Collignon, P, McLaws, ML, Faoagali, J, George, N, Harper, J, Schooneveldt, J, Bradbury, S, Tiley, S, Gottlieb, T, Funnell, G, Fernandes, C, Benn, R, Yan, B, Ziochos, H, Vickery, A, Mitchell, D, Ryder, S, Branley, J, Spelman, D, Franklin, C, Garland, S, Gonis, G, Waters, MJ, Joyce, L, Ward, P, Andrew, J, McGregor, A, Peterson, R, Bell, J, Lim, I, Pratt, R, Pruul, H, Mulgrave, L, McGechie, D, Francis, G, Lurn, G, Paul, M, Robson, J, Lee, PC & Benson, S 2006, 'Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the Australian community: An evolving epidemic', Medical Journal of Australia, vol. 184, no. 8, pp. 384-388. https://doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.2006.tb00287.x

TY - JOUR

T1 - Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the Australian community

T2 - An evolving epidemic

AU - Nimmo, Graeme R.

AU - Coombs, Geoffrey W.

AU - Pearson, Julie C.

AU - O'Brien, Francis G.

AU - Christiansen, Keryn J.

AU - Turnidge, John D.

AU - Gosbell, Iain B.

AU - Collignon, Peter

AU - McLaws, Mary Louise

AU - Faoagali, Joan

AU - George, Narelle

AU - Harper, Jacqueline

AU - Schooneveldt, Jacqueline

AU - Bradbury, Susan

AU - Tiley, Sue

AU - Gottlieb, Tom

AU - Funnell, Glenn

AU - Fernandes, Clarence

AU - Benn, Richard

AU - Yan, Barbara

AU - Ziochos, Helen

AU - Vickery, Alison

AU - Mitchell, David

AU - Ryder, Sam

AU - Branley, James

AU - Spelman, Denis

AU - Franklin, Clare

AU - Garland, Sue

AU - Gonis, Gena

AU - Waters, Mary Jo

AU - Joyce, Linda

AU - Ward, Peter

AU - Andrew, John

AU - McGregor, Alistair

AU - Peterson, Rob

AU - Bell, Jan

AU - Lim, Irene

AU - Pratt, Rachael

AU - Pruul, Hendrik

AU - Mulgrave, Leigh

AU - McGechie, David

AU - Francis, Graham

AU - Lurn, Gary

AU - Paul, Miriam

AU - Robson, Jenny

AU - Lee, P. C.

AU - Benson, Sue

PY - 2006/4/17

Y1 - 2006/4/17

N2 - Objective: To describe antimicrobial resistance and molecular epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolated in community settings in Australia. Design and setting: Survey of S. aureus isolates collected prospectively Australia-wide between July 2004 and February 2005; results were compared with those of similar surveys conducted in 2000 and 2002. Main outcome measures: Up to 100 consecutive, unique clinical isolates of S. aureus from outpatient settings were collected at each of 22 teaching hospital and five private laboratories from cities in all Australian states and territories. They were characterised by antimicrobial susceptibilities (by agar dilution methods), coagulase gene typing, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, multilocus sequence typing, SCCmec typing and polymerase chain reaction tests for Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) gene. Results: 2652 S. aureus isolates were collected, of which 395 (14.9%) were MRSA. The number of community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA) isolates rose from 4.7% (118/2498) of S. aureus isolates in 2000 to 7.3% (194/2652) in 2004 (P=0.001). Of the three major CA-MRSA strains, WA-1 constituted 45/257 (18%) of MRSA in 2000 and 64/395 (16%) in 2004 (P=0.89), while the Queensland (QLD) strain increased from 13/257 (5%) to 58/395 (15%) (P=0.0004), and the south-west Pacific (SWP) strain decreased from 33/257 (13%) to 26/395 (7%) (P=0.01). PVL genes were detected in 90/195 (46%) of CA-MRSA strains, including 5/64 (8%) of WA-1, 56/58 (97%) of QLD, and 25/26 (96%) of SWP strains. Among health care-associated MRSA strains, all AUS-2 and AUS-3 isolates were multidrug-resistant, and UK EMRSA-15 isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin and erythromycin (50%) or to ciprofloxacin alone (44%). Almost all (98%) of CA-MRSA strains were non-multiresistant. Conclusions: Community-onset MRSA continues to spread throughout Australia. The hypervirulence determinant PVL is often found in two of the most common CA-MRSA strains. The rapid changes in prevalence emphasise the importance of ongoing surveillance.

AB - Objective: To describe antimicrobial resistance and molecular epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolated in community settings in Australia. Design and setting: Survey of S. aureus isolates collected prospectively Australia-wide between July 2004 and February 2005; results were compared with those of similar surveys conducted in 2000 and 2002. Main outcome measures: Up to 100 consecutive, unique clinical isolates of S. aureus from outpatient settings were collected at each of 22 teaching hospital and five private laboratories from cities in all Australian states and territories. They were characterised by antimicrobial susceptibilities (by agar dilution methods), coagulase gene typing, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, multilocus sequence typing, SCCmec typing and polymerase chain reaction tests for Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) gene. Results: 2652 S. aureus isolates were collected, of which 395 (14.9%) were MRSA. The number of community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA) isolates rose from 4.7% (118/2498) of S. aureus isolates in 2000 to 7.3% (194/2652) in 2004 (P=0.001). Of the three major CA-MRSA strains, WA-1 constituted 45/257 (18%) of MRSA in 2000 and 64/395 (16%) in 2004 (P=0.89), while the Queensland (QLD) strain increased from 13/257 (5%) to 58/395 (15%) (P=0.0004), and the south-west Pacific (SWP) strain decreased from 33/257 (13%) to 26/395 (7%) (P=0.01). PVL genes were detected in 90/195 (46%) of CA-MRSA strains, including 5/64 (8%) of WA-1, 56/58 (97%) of QLD, and 25/26 (96%) of SWP strains. Among health care-associated MRSA strains, all AUS-2 and AUS-3 isolates were multidrug-resistant, and UK EMRSA-15 isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin and erythromycin (50%) or to ciprofloxacin alone (44%). Almost all (98%) of CA-MRSA strains were non-multiresistant. Conclusions: Community-onset MRSA continues to spread throughout Australia. The hypervirulence determinant PVL is often found in two of the most common CA-MRSA strains. The rapid changes in prevalence emphasise the importance of ongoing surveillance.

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U2 - 10.5694/j.1326-5377.2006.tb00287.x

DO - 10.5694/j.1326-5377.2006.tb00287.x

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VL - 184

SP - 384

EP - 388

JO - Medical Journal of Australia

JF - Medical Journal of Australia

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ER -

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the Australian community: An evolving epidemic

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