Microwave synthesis of noncentrosymmetric BaTiO3 truncated nanocubes for charge storage applications

V. Swaminathan; Stevin S. Pramana; T. J. White; L. Chen; Rami Chukka; R. V. Ramanujan

doi:10.1021/am1004865

Microwave synthesis of noncentrosymmetric BaTiO₃ truncated nanocubes for charge storage applications

V. Swaminathan^*, Stevin S. Pramana, T. J. White, L. Chen, Rami Chukka, R. V. Ramanujan

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

35 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Truncated nanocubes of barium titanate (BT) were synthesized using a rapid, facile microwave-assisted hydrothermal route. Stoichiometric composition of pellets of nanocube BT powders was prepared by two-stage microwave process. Characterization by powder XRD, Rietveld refinement, SEM, TEM, and dielectric and polarization measurements was performed. X-ray diffraction revealed a polymorphic transformation from cubic Pm3̄m to tetragonal P4mm after 15 min of microwave irradiation, arising from titanium displacement along the c-axis. Secondary electron images were examined for nanocube BT synthesis and annealed at different timings. Transmission electron microscopy showed a narrow particle size distribution with an average size of 70 ± 9 nm. The remanence and saturation polarization were 15.5 ± 1.6 and 19.3 ± 1.2 μC/cm², respectively. A charge storage density of 925 ± 47 nF/cm² was obtained; Pt/BT/Pt multilayer ceramic capacitor stack had an average leakage current density of 5.78 ± 0.46 × 10^-8 A/cm² at ±2 V. The significance of this study shows an inexpensive and facile processing platform for synthesis of high-k dielectric for charge storage applications.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	3037-3042
Number of pages	6
Journal	ACS applied materials & interfaces
Volume	2
Issue number	11
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1021/am1004865
Publication status	Published - 24 Nov 2010

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title = "Microwave synthesis of noncentrosymmetric BaTiO3 truncated nanocubes for charge storage applications",

abstract = "Truncated nanocubes of barium titanate (BT) were synthesized using a rapid, facile microwave-assisted hydrothermal route. Stoichiometric composition of pellets of nanocube BT powders was prepared by two-stage microwave process. Characterization by powder XRD, Rietveld refinement, SEM, TEM, and dielectric and polarization measurements was performed. X-ray diffraction revealed a polymorphic transformation from cubic Pm{\=3}m to tetragonal P4mm after 15 min of microwave irradiation, arising from titanium displacement along the c-axis. Secondary electron images were examined for nanocube BT synthesis and annealed at different timings. Transmission electron microscopy showed a narrow particle size distribution with an average size of 70 ± 9 nm. The remanence and saturation polarization were 15.5 ± 1.6 and 19.3 ± 1.2 μC/cm2, respectively. A charge storage density of 925 ± 47 nF/cm2 was obtained; Pt/BT/Pt multilayer ceramic capacitor stack had an average leakage current density of 5.78 ± 0.46 × 10-8 A/cm2 at ±2 V. The significance of this study shows an inexpensive and facile processing platform for synthesis of high-k dielectric for charge storage applications.",

keywords = "BaTiO, charge storage, memory devices, microwave hydrothermal synthesis, multilayer ceramic capacitor",

author = "V. Swaminathan and Pramana, {Stevin S.} and White, {T. J.} and L. Chen and Rami Chukka and Ramanujan, {R. V.}",

year = "2010",

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AU - Swaminathan, V.

AU - Pramana, Stevin S.

AU - White, T. J.

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AU - Chukka, Rami

AU - Ramanujan, R. V.

PY - 2010/11/24

Y1 - 2010/11/24

N2 - Truncated nanocubes of barium titanate (BT) were synthesized using a rapid, facile microwave-assisted hydrothermal route. Stoichiometric composition of pellets of nanocube BT powders was prepared by two-stage microwave process. Characterization by powder XRD, Rietveld refinement, SEM, TEM, and dielectric and polarization measurements was performed. X-ray diffraction revealed a polymorphic transformation from cubic Pm3̄m to tetragonal P4mm after 15 min of microwave irradiation, arising from titanium displacement along the c-axis. Secondary electron images were examined for nanocube BT synthesis and annealed at different timings. Transmission electron microscopy showed a narrow particle size distribution with an average size of 70 ± 9 nm. The remanence and saturation polarization were 15.5 ± 1.6 and 19.3 ± 1.2 μC/cm2, respectively. A charge storage density of 925 ± 47 nF/cm2 was obtained; Pt/BT/Pt multilayer ceramic capacitor stack had an average leakage current density of 5.78 ± 0.46 × 10-8 A/cm2 at ±2 V. The significance of this study shows an inexpensive and facile processing platform for synthesis of high-k dielectric for charge storage applications.

AB - Truncated nanocubes of barium titanate (BT) were synthesized using a rapid, facile microwave-assisted hydrothermal route. Stoichiometric composition of pellets of nanocube BT powders was prepared by two-stage microwave process. Characterization by powder XRD, Rietveld refinement, SEM, TEM, and dielectric and polarization measurements was performed. X-ray diffraction revealed a polymorphic transformation from cubic Pm3̄m to tetragonal P4mm after 15 min of microwave irradiation, arising from titanium displacement along the c-axis. Secondary electron images were examined for nanocube BT synthesis and annealed at different timings. Transmission electron microscopy showed a narrow particle size distribution with an average size of 70 ± 9 nm. The remanence and saturation polarization were 15.5 ± 1.6 and 19.3 ± 1.2 μC/cm2, respectively. A charge storage density of 925 ± 47 nF/cm2 was obtained; Pt/BT/Pt multilayer ceramic capacitor stack had an average leakage current density of 5.78 ± 0.46 × 10-8 A/cm2 at ±2 V. The significance of this study shows an inexpensive and facile processing platform for synthesis of high-k dielectric for charge storage applications.

KW - BaTiO

KW - charge storage

KW - memory devices

KW - microwave hydrothermal synthesis

KW - multilayer ceramic capacitor

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JO - ACS applied materials & interfaces

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ER -

Microwave synthesis of noncentrosymmetric BaTiO₃ truncated nanocubes for charge storage applications

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