Modelling catchment response to anthropogenic driven non-stationarity

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    Abstract

    Non-stationarity normally refers to a change in the statistical properties of a signal. This can include, for example, a change in rainfall and evaporation due to climate change, and the subsequent impact on streamflow. Other drivers which can also impact on the streamflow response include: installation of dams (both large instream dams, and smaller, distributed farm dams), extraction of surface and groundwater, environmental flows. Such non-stationarity leads to variability in the values of model parameters if the effects of these changes are not handled in the model structure and inputs. Extraction of water can be for a number of reasons, for example, irrigation, urban water supply, stock and domestic use, salt interception schemes, etc. Dams can be managed to maintain water supplies, provide environmental flows, flood mitigation, etc. The impact these activities will depend on how the water is used. For example, irrigation leads to an increase in near surface moisture. Rain events after irrigation can have a higher runoff coefficient that would be the case without the irrigation, though how significant this effect is depends on the timing.

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