“Mongolig Negtek möröödel ba Kyaktin Geree” (The Kyakta Treaty and the Dream for a United Mongol State)

During the negotiation of The Triparty Kyakta Treaty (Russia, China and Mongolia) of 1914-15, Mongols attempted to negotiate to be recognized as an independent Mongol state including Inner Mongolia. But they failed. The Treaty confirmed the Russo-Chinese agreement which recognized Chinese suzerainty over Outer Mongolia while China recognized Outer Mongolia's autonomy, but not including Inner Mongolia. These two parts of Mongolia were forced to follow different political trajectories thereafter. The Kyakta Treaty was therefore the beginning of the formal division of Mongol lands through international treaty. This chapter examines the impact of the Treaty on Mongol society, especially those Inner Mongols who had the aspiration of building a unified Mongolia state and had joined the newly founded Mongolian government in Urga (today's Ulaabaatar).