TY - JOUR
T1 - Murine interleukin-3
T2 - Structure, dynamics, and conformational heterogeneity in solution
AU - Yao, Shenggen
AU - Young, Ian G.
AU - Norton, Raymond S.
AU - Murphy, James M.
PY - 2011/4/5
Y1 - 2011/4/5
N2 - Interleukin-3 (IL-3), a cytokine produced primarily by activated T-cells during immune responses, is a crucial regulator of allergic inflammation. The three-dimensional structure of murine IL-3 (mIL-3) has remained elusive owing to its poor solubility and strong tendency toward aggregation under solution conditions typically used for structural studies. Here we describe the solution properties and structure of mIL-3 determined by NMR using an engineered construct of mIL-3 (mIL-333-156). mIL-3 adopts a four-helical bundle fold, typical of proteins belonging to the short-chain cytokine family, and features a core of highly conserved hydrophobic residues. While significant line broadening and peak disappearance were observed in NMR spectra at higher temperatures, there was no evidence for temperature-dependent changes of the oligomeric state of mIL-333-156. Further analysis of the temperature dependence of amide 1H chemical shifts and backbone 15N relaxation parameters, including 15N relaxation dispersion, revealed the presence of significant conformational exchange and local conformational heterogeneity. Residues recently shown by mutagenesis to play key roles in βIL-3 receptor recognition and activation, which are located within the αA and αC helices and aligned on one face of the mIL-333-156 structure, are relatively rigid. In contrast, pronounced conformational heterogeneity was observed for a cluster of residues located on the opposite side of mIL-3, which corresponds spatially to sites in the related cytokines human IL-3, IL-5, and GM-CSF that are known to mediate interactions with their respective α-receptor subunits. Such conformational heterogeneity may facilitate the interaction of mIL-3 with each of two naturally occurring mIL-3Rα isoforms, leading to structurally distinct high-affinity complexes.
AB - Interleukin-3 (IL-3), a cytokine produced primarily by activated T-cells during immune responses, is a crucial regulator of allergic inflammation. The three-dimensional structure of murine IL-3 (mIL-3) has remained elusive owing to its poor solubility and strong tendency toward aggregation under solution conditions typically used for structural studies. Here we describe the solution properties and structure of mIL-3 determined by NMR using an engineered construct of mIL-3 (mIL-333-156). mIL-3 adopts a four-helical bundle fold, typical of proteins belonging to the short-chain cytokine family, and features a core of highly conserved hydrophobic residues. While significant line broadening and peak disappearance were observed in NMR spectra at higher temperatures, there was no evidence for temperature-dependent changes of the oligomeric state of mIL-333-156. Further analysis of the temperature dependence of amide 1H chemical shifts and backbone 15N relaxation parameters, including 15N relaxation dispersion, revealed the presence of significant conformational exchange and local conformational heterogeneity. Residues recently shown by mutagenesis to play key roles in βIL-3 receptor recognition and activation, which are located within the αA and αC helices and aligned on one face of the mIL-333-156 structure, are relatively rigid. In contrast, pronounced conformational heterogeneity was observed for a cluster of residues located on the opposite side of mIL-3, which corresponds spatially to sites in the related cytokines human IL-3, IL-5, and GM-CSF that are known to mediate interactions with their respective α-receptor subunits. Such conformational heterogeneity may facilitate the interaction of mIL-3 with each of two naturally occurring mIL-3Rα isoforms, leading to structurally distinct high-affinity complexes.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=79953211861&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1021/bi101810f
DO - 10.1021/bi101810f
M3 - Article
SN - 0006-2960
VL - 50
SP - 2464
EP - 2477
JO - Biochemistry
JF - Biochemistry
IS - 13
ER -