Nanoindentation-induced phase transformation in relaxed and unrelaxed ion-implanted amorphous germanium

D. J. Oliver; J. E. Bradby; S. Ruffell; J. S. Williams; P. Munroe

doi:10.1063/1.3255999

Nanoindentation-induced phase transformation in relaxed and unrelaxed ion-implanted amorphous germanium

D. J. Oliver, J. E. Bradby, S. Ruffell, J. S. Williams, P. Munroe

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Abstract

We have investigated nanoindentation-induced plastic deformation in amorphous germanium (a-Ge) prepared by high-energy self-ion implantation. Using cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy, micro-Raman spectroscopy, and force-displacement curve analysis, we find strong evidence for a pressure-induced metallic phase transformation during indentation. Crystalline diamond-cubic Ge-I is observed in residual indents. Relaxed and unrelaxed structural states of a-Ge exhibit similar behavior on loading, but transform at different pressures on unloading. Both forms are markedly softer mechanically than crystalline Ge. These results assist in furthering the understanding of the intriguing phenomenon known as "explosive crystallization."

Original language	English
Article number	093509
Journal	Journal of Applied Physics
Volume	106
Issue number	9
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3255999
Publication status	Published - 2009

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title = "Nanoindentation-induced phase transformation in relaxed and unrelaxed ion-implanted amorphous germanium",

abstract = "We have investigated nanoindentation-induced plastic deformation in amorphous germanium (a-Ge) prepared by high-energy self-ion implantation. Using cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy, micro-Raman spectroscopy, and force-displacement curve analysis, we find strong evidence for a pressure-induced metallic phase transformation during indentation. Crystalline diamond-cubic Ge-I is observed in residual indents. Relaxed and unrelaxed structural states of a-Ge exhibit similar behavior on loading, but transform at different pressures on unloading. Both forms are markedly softer mechanically than crystalline Ge. These results assist in furthering the understanding of the intriguing phenomenon known as {"}explosive crystallization.{"}",

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AU - Oliver, D. J.

AU - Bradby, J. E.

AU - Ruffell, S.

AU - Williams, J. S.

AU - Munroe, P.

PY - 2009

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N2 - We have investigated nanoindentation-induced plastic deformation in amorphous germanium (a-Ge) prepared by high-energy self-ion implantation. Using cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy, micro-Raman spectroscopy, and force-displacement curve analysis, we find strong evidence for a pressure-induced metallic phase transformation during indentation. Crystalline diamond-cubic Ge-I is observed in residual indents. Relaxed and unrelaxed structural states of a-Ge exhibit similar behavior on loading, but transform at different pressures on unloading. Both forms are markedly softer mechanically than crystalline Ge. These results assist in furthering the understanding of the intriguing phenomenon known as "explosive crystallization."

AB - We have investigated nanoindentation-induced plastic deformation in amorphous germanium (a-Ge) prepared by high-energy self-ion implantation. Using cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy, micro-Raman spectroscopy, and force-displacement curve analysis, we find strong evidence for a pressure-induced metallic phase transformation during indentation. Crystalline diamond-cubic Ge-I is observed in residual indents. Relaxed and unrelaxed structural states of a-Ge exhibit similar behavior on loading, but transform at different pressures on unloading. Both forms are markedly softer mechanically than crystalline Ge. These results assist in furthering the understanding of the intriguing phenomenon known as "explosive crystallization."

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JO - Journal of Applied Physics

JF - Journal of Applied Physics

IS - 9

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ER -

Nanoindentation-induced phase transformation in relaxed and unrelaxed ion-implanted amorphous germanium

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