Nature and Origin of Magnetic Lineations Within Valdivia Bank: Ocean Plateau Formation by Complex Seafloor Spreading

S. Thoram; W. W. Sager; K. Gaastra; S. M. Tikoo; C. Carvallo; A. Avery; Arianna V. Del Gaudio; Y. Huang; K. Hoernle; T. W. Höfig; R. Bhutani; D. M. Buchs; C. Class; Y. Dai; G. Dalla Valle; S. Fielding; S. Han; D. E. Heaton; S. Homrighausen; Y. Kubota; C. F. Li; W. R. Nelson; E. Petrou; K. E. Potter; S. Pujatti; J. Scholpp; J. W. Shervais; M. Tshiningayamwe; X. J. Wang; M. Widdowson

doi:10.1029/2023GL103415

Nature and Origin of Magnetic Lineations Within Valdivia Bank: Ocean Plateau Formation by Complex Seafloor Spreading

S. Thoram^*, W. W. Sager, K. Gaastra, S. M. Tikoo, C. Carvallo, A. Avery, Arianna V. Del Gaudio, Y. Huang, K. Hoernle, T. W. Höfig, R. Bhutani, D. M. Buchs, C. Class, Y. Dai, G. Dalla Valle, S. Fielding, S. Han, D. E. Heaton, S. Homrighausen, Y. KubotaC. F. Li, W. R. Nelson, E. Petrou, K. E. Potter, S. Pujatti, J. Scholpp, J. W. Shervais, M. Tshiningayamwe, X. J. Wang, M. Widdowson

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

2 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Valdivia Bank (VB) is a Late Cretaceous oceanic plateau formed by volcanism from the Tristan-Gough hotspot at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR). To better understand its origin and evolution, magnetic data were used to generate a magnetic anomaly grid, which was inverted to determine crustal magnetization. The magnetization model reveals quasi-linear polarity zones crossing the plateau and following expected MAR paleo-locations, implying formation by seafloor spreading over ∼4 Myr during the formation of anomalies C34n-C33r. Paleomagnetism and biostratigraphy data from International Ocean Discovery Program Expedition 391 confirm the magnetic interpretation. Anomaly C33r is split into two negative bands, likely by a westward ridge jump. One of these negative anomalies coincides with deep rift valleys, indicating their age and mechanism of formation. These findings imply that VB originated by seafloor spreading-type volcanism during a plate reorganization, not from a vertical stack of lava flows as expected for a large volcano.

Original language	English
Article number	e2023GL103415
Number of pages	11
Journal	Geophysical Research Letters
Volume	50
Issue number	13
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1029/2023GL103415
Publication status	Published - 16 Jul 2023
Externally published	Yes

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Thoram, S., Sager, W. W., Gaastra, K., Tikoo, S. M., Carvallo, C., Avery, A., Del Gaudio, A. V., Huang, Y., Hoernle, K., Höfig, T. W., Bhutani, R., Buchs, D. M., Class, C., Dai, Y., Valle, G. D., Fielding, S., Han, S., Heaton, D. E., Homrighausen, S., ... Widdowson, M. (2023). Nature and Origin of Magnetic Lineations Within Valdivia Bank: Ocean Plateau Formation by Complex Seafloor Spreading. Geophysical Research Letters, 50(13), Article e2023GL103415. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023GL103415

@article{795c04a8e06a4bf89d1a975ccea69d3a,

title = "Nature and Origin of Magnetic Lineations Within Valdivia Bank: Ocean Plateau Formation by Complex Seafloor Spreading",

abstract = "Valdivia Bank (VB) is a Late Cretaceous oceanic plateau formed by volcanism from the Tristan-Gough hotspot at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR). To better understand its origin and evolution, magnetic data were used to generate a magnetic anomaly grid, which was inverted to determine crustal magnetization. The magnetization model reveals quasi-linear polarity zones crossing the plateau and following expected MAR paleo-locations, implying formation by seafloor spreading over ∼4 Myr during the formation of anomalies C34n-C33r. Paleomagnetism and biostratigraphy data from International Ocean Discovery Program Expedition 391 confirm the magnetic interpretation. Anomaly C33r is split into two negative bands, likely by a westward ridge jump. One of these negative anomalies coincides with deep rift valleys, indicating their age and mechanism of formation. These findings imply that VB originated by seafloor spreading-type volcanism during a plate reorganization, not from a vertical stack of lava flows as expected for a large volcano.",

keywords = "hotspot-ridge interaction, International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) Expedition 391, magnetic anomalies, oceanic plateau, Valdivia Bank, Walvis Ridge",

author = "S. Thoram and Sager, {W. W.} and K. Gaastra and Tikoo, {S. M.} and C. Carvallo and A. Avery and {Del Gaudio}, {Arianna V.} and Y. Huang and K. Hoernle and H{\"o}fig, {T. W.} and R. Bhutani and Buchs, {D. M.} and C. Class and Y. Dai and Valle, {G. Dalla} and S. Fielding and S. Han and Heaton, {D. E.} and S. Homrighausen and Y. Kubota and Li, {C. F.} and Nelson, {W. R.} and E. Petrou and Potter, {K. E.} and S. Pujatti and J. Scholpp and Shervais, {J. W.} and M. Tshiningayamwe and Wang, {X. J.} and M. Widdowson",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2023. The Authors.",

year = "2023",

month = jul,

day = "16",

doi = "10.1029/2023GL103415",

language = "English",

volume = "50",

journal = "Geophysical Research Letters",

issn = "0094-8276",

publisher = "John Wiley & Sons Inc.",

number = "13",

}

Thoram, S, Sager, WW, Gaastra, K, Tikoo, SM, Carvallo, C, Avery, A, Del Gaudio, AV, Huang, Y, Hoernle, K, Höfig, TW, Bhutani, R, Buchs, DM, Class, C, Dai, Y, Valle, GD, Fielding, S, Han, S, Heaton, DE, Homrighausen, S, Kubota, Y, Li, CF, Nelson, WR, Petrou, E, Potter, KE, Pujatti, S, Scholpp, J, Shervais, JW, Tshiningayamwe, M, Wang, XJ & Widdowson, M 2023, 'Nature and Origin of Magnetic Lineations Within Valdivia Bank: Ocean Plateau Formation by Complex Seafloor Spreading', Geophysical Research Letters, vol. 50, no. 13, e2023GL103415. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023GL103415

TY - JOUR

T1 - Nature and Origin of Magnetic Lineations Within Valdivia Bank

T2 - Ocean Plateau Formation by Complex Seafloor Spreading

AU - Thoram, S.

AU - Sager, W. W.

AU - Gaastra, K.

AU - Tikoo, S. M.

AU - Carvallo, C.

AU - Avery, A.

AU - Del Gaudio, Arianna V.

AU - Huang, Y.

AU - Hoernle, K.

AU - Höfig, T. W.

AU - Bhutani, R.

AU - Buchs, D. M.

AU - Class, C.

AU - Dai, Y.

AU - Valle, G. Dalla

AU - Fielding, S.

AU - Han, S.

AU - Heaton, D. E.

AU - Homrighausen, S.

AU - Kubota, Y.

AU - Li, C. F.

AU - Nelson, W. R.

AU - Petrou, E.

AU - Potter, K. E.

AU - Pujatti, S.

AU - Scholpp, J.

AU - Shervais, J. W.

AU - Tshiningayamwe, M.

AU - Wang, X. J.

AU - Widdowson, M.

PY - 2023/7/16

Y1 - 2023/7/16

N2 - Valdivia Bank (VB) is a Late Cretaceous oceanic plateau formed by volcanism from the Tristan-Gough hotspot at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR). To better understand its origin and evolution, magnetic data were used to generate a magnetic anomaly grid, which was inverted to determine crustal magnetization. The magnetization model reveals quasi-linear polarity zones crossing the plateau and following expected MAR paleo-locations, implying formation by seafloor spreading over ∼4 Myr during the formation of anomalies C34n-C33r. Paleomagnetism and biostratigraphy data from International Ocean Discovery Program Expedition 391 confirm the magnetic interpretation. Anomaly C33r is split into two negative bands, likely by a westward ridge jump. One of these negative anomalies coincides with deep rift valleys, indicating their age and mechanism of formation. These findings imply that VB originated by seafloor spreading-type volcanism during a plate reorganization, not from a vertical stack of lava flows as expected for a large volcano.

AB - Valdivia Bank (VB) is a Late Cretaceous oceanic plateau formed by volcanism from the Tristan-Gough hotspot at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR). To better understand its origin and evolution, magnetic data were used to generate a magnetic anomaly grid, which was inverted to determine crustal magnetization. The magnetization model reveals quasi-linear polarity zones crossing the plateau and following expected MAR paleo-locations, implying formation by seafloor spreading over ∼4 Myr during the formation of anomalies C34n-C33r. Paleomagnetism and biostratigraphy data from International Ocean Discovery Program Expedition 391 confirm the magnetic interpretation. Anomaly C33r is split into two negative bands, likely by a westward ridge jump. One of these negative anomalies coincides with deep rift valleys, indicating their age and mechanism of formation. These findings imply that VB originated by seafloor spreading-type volcanism during a plate reorganization, not from a vertical stack of lava flows as expected for a large volcano.

KW - hotspot-ridge interaction

KW - International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) Expedition 391

KW - magnetic anomalies

KW - oceanic plateau

KW - Valdivia Bank

KW - Walvis Ridge

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85165447479&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1029/2023GL103415

DO - 10.1029/2023GL103415

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85165447479

SN - 0094-8276

VL - 50

JO - Geophysical Research Letters

JF - Geophysical Research Letters

IS - 13

M1 - e2023GL103415

ER -

Nature and Origin of Magnetic Lineations Within Valdivia Bank: Ocean Plateau Formation by Complex Seafloor Spreading

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