Abstract
This chapter discusses organic contaminants in biochar, their relationship with biochar feedstock and production parameters, potential risks for the environment, and strategies to minimize such contamination. Both organic contaminants contained in the feedstock material and formed during biochar production are described. Through meta-analysis, the chapter shows total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) content in biochar and associated accumulated toxicity decreased with the highest treatment temperature. Pyrolysis unit design was found to have the greatest effect on PAH content in biochar. The availability and environmental risk associated with PAHs, dioxins, furans, polychlorinated biphenyls, and volatile organic compounds in biochar was very low. Organic contaminants already present in feedstock material, including contaminants of emerging concern, such as per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, pharmaceuticals, and pesticides were typically reduced by more than 2 orders of magnitude (to below the detection limit in most cases) at pyrolysis temperatures above 500°C. However, further research is needed to fully understand the efficacy of contaminant extraction methodologies for contaminants of emerging concerns in biochar and the contents and effects of their degradation products.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Title of host publication | Biochar for Environmental Management |
| Subtitle of host publication | Science, Technology and Implementation |
| Editors | Johannes Lehmann, Stephen Joseph |
| Place of Publication | Oxon, New York |
| Publisher | Routledge |
| Chapter | 22 |
| Pages | 559-587 |
| Edition | 3rd |
| ISBN (Electronic) | 978-1-003-29767-3 |
| ISBN (Print) | 978-1-032-28615-0, 978-1-032-28618-1 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - 2024 |