Point Absorber Limits to Future Gravitational-Wave Detectors

Wenxuan Jia; Hiroaki Yamamoto; Kevin Kuns; Anamaria Effler; Matthew Evans; Peter Fritschel; R. Abbott; C. Adams; R. X. Adhikari; A. Ananyeva; S. Appert; K. Arai; J. S. Areeda; Y. Asali; S. M. Aston; C. Austin; A. M. Baer; M. Ball; S. W. Ballmer; S. Banagiri; D. Barker; L. Barsotti; J. Bartlett; B. K. Berger; J. Betzwieser; D. Bhattacharjee; G. Billingsley; S. Biscans; C. D. Blair; R. M. Blair; N. Bode; P. Booker; R. Bork; A. Bramley; A. F. Brooks; D. D. Brown; A. Buikema; C. Cahillane; K. C. Cannon; X. Chen; A. A. Ciobanu; F. Clara; C. M. Compton; S. J. Cooper; K. R. Corley; S. T. Countryman; P. B. Covas; D. C. Coyne; L. E.H. Datrier; D. Davis; C. Di Fronzo; K. L. Dooley; J. C. Driggers; P. Dupej; S. E. Dwyer; T. Etzel; T. M. Evans; J. Feicht; A. Fernandez-Galiana; V. V. Frolov; P. Fulda; M. Fyffe; J. A. Giaime; K. D. Giardina; P. Godwin; E. Goetz; S. Gras; C. Gray; R. Gray; A. C. Green; E. K. Gustafson; R. Gustafson; E. D. Hall; J. Hanks; J. Hanson; T. Hardwick; R. K. Hasskew; M. C. Heintze; A. F. Helmling-Cornell; N. A. Holland; J. D. Jones; S. Kandhasamy; S. Karki; M. Kasprzack; K. Kawabe; N. Kijbunchoo; P. J. King; J. S. Kissel; Rahul Kumar; M. Landry; B. B. Lane; B. Lantz; M. Laxen; Y. K. Lecoeuche; J. Leviton; J. Liu; M. Lormand; A. P. Lundgren; R. Macas; M. Macinnis; D. M. Macleod; G. L. Mansell; S. Márka; Z. Márka; D. V. Martynov; K. Mason; T. J. Massinger; F. Matichard; N. Mavalvala; R. McCarthy; D. E. McClelland; S. McCormick; L. McCuller; J. McIver; T. McRae; G. Mendell; K. Merfeld; E. L. Merilh; F. Meylahn; T. Mistry; R. Mittleman; G. Moreno; C. M. Mow-Lowry; S. Mozzon; A. Mullavey; T. J.N. Nelson; P. Nguyen; L. K. Nuttall; J. Oberling; Richard J. Oram; C. Osthelder; D. J. Ottaway; H. Overmier; J. R. Palamos; W. Parker; E. Payne; A. Pele; R. Penhorwood; C. J. Perez; M. Pirello; H. Radkins; K. E. Ramirez; J. W. Richardson; K. Riles; N. A. Robertson; J. G. Rollins; C. L. Romel; J. H. Romie; M. P. Ross; K. Ryan; T. Sadecki; E. J. Sanchez; L. E. Sanchez; T. R. Saravanan; R. L. Savage; D. Schaetzl; R. Schnabel; R. M.S. Schofield; E. Schwartz; D. Sellers; T. Shaffer; D. Sigg; B. J.J. Slagmolen; J. R. Smith; S. Soni; B. Sorazu; A. P. Spencer; K. A. Strain; L. Sun; M. J. Szczepańczyk; M. Thomas; P. Thomas; K. A. Thorne; K. Toland; C. I. Torrie; G. Traylor; M. Tse; A. L. Urban; G. Vajente; G. Valdes; D. C. Vander-Hyde; P. J. Veitch; K. Venkateswara; G. Venugopalan; A. D. Viets; T. Vo; C. Vorvick; M. Wade; R. L. Ward; J. Warner; B. Weaver; R. Weiss; C. Whittle; B. Willke; C. C. Wipf; L. Xiao; Hang Yu; Haocun Yu; L. Zhang; M. E. Zucker; J. Zweizig

doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.127.241102

Point Absorber Limits to Future Gravitational-Wave Detectors

Wenxuan Jia^*, Hiroaki Yamamoto, Kevin Kuns, Anamaria Effler, Matthew Evans, Peter Fritschel, R. Abbott, C. Adams, R. X. Adhikari, A. Ananyeva, S. Appert, K. Arai, J. S. Areeda, Y. Asali, S. M. Aston, C. Austin, A. M. Baer, M. Ball, S. W. Ballmer, S. BanagiriD. Barker, L. Barsotti, J. Bartlett, B. K. Berger, J. Betzwieser, D. Bhattacharjee, G. Billingsley, S. Biscans, C. D. Blair, R. M. Blair, N. Bode, P. Booker, R. Bork, A. Bramley, A. F. Brooks, D. D. Brown, A. Buikema, C. Cahillane, K. C. Cannon, X. Chen, A. A. Ciobanu, F. Clara, C. M. Compton, S. J. Cooper, K. R. Corley, S. T. Countryman, P. B. Covas, D. C. Coyne, L. E.H. Datrier, D. Davis, C. Di Fronzo, K. L. Dooley, J. C. Driggers, P. Dupej, S. E. Dwyer, T. Etzel, T. M. Evans, J. Feicht, A. Fernandez-Galiana, V. V. Frolov, P. Fulda, M. Fyffe, J. A. Giaime, K. D. Giardina, P. Godwin, E. Goetz, S. Gras, C. Gray, R. Gray, A. C. Green, E. K. Gustafson, R. Gustafson, E. D. Hall, J. Hanks, J. Hanson, T. Hardwick, R. K. Hasskew, M. C. Heintze, A. F. Helmling-Cornell, N. A. Holland, J. D. Jones, S. Kandhasamy, S. Karki, M. Kasprzack, K. Kawabe, N. Kijbunchoo, P. J. King, J. S. Kissel, Rahul Kumar, M. Landry, B. B. Lane, B. Lantz, M. Laxen, Y. K. Lecoeuche, J. Leviton, J. Liu, M. Lormand, A. P. Lundgren, R. Macas, M. Macinnis, D. M. Macleod, G. L. Mansell, S. Márka, Z. Márka, D. V. Martynov, K. Mason, T. J. Massinger, F. Matichard, N. Mavalvala, R. McCarthy, D. E. McClelland, S. McCormick, L. McCuller, J. McIver, T. McRae, G. Mendell, K. Merfeld, E. L. Merilh, F. Meylahn, T. Mistry, R. Mittleman, G. Moreno, C. M. Mow-Lowry, S. Mozzon, A. Mullavey, T. J.N. Nelson, P. Nguyen, L. K. Nuttall, J. Oberling, Richard J. Oram, C. Osthelder, D. J. Ottaway, H. Overmier, J. R. Palamos, W. Parker, E. Payne, A. Pele, R. Penhorwood, C. J. Perez, M. Pirello, H. Radkins, K. E. Ramirez, J. W. Richardson, K. Riles, N. A. Robertson, J. G. Rollins, C. L. Romel, J. H. Romie, M. P. Ross, K. Ryan, T. Sadecki, E. J. Sanchez, L. E. Sanchez, T. R. Saravanan, R. L. Savage, D. Schaetzl, R. Schnabel, R. M.S. Schofield, E. Schwartz, D. Sellers, T. Shaffer, D. Sigg, B. J.J. Slagmolen, J. R. Smith, S. Soni, B. Sorazu, A. P. Spencer, K. A. Strain, L. Sun, M. J. Szczepańczyk, M. Thomas, P. Thomas, K. A. Thorne, K. Toland, C. I. Torrie, G. Traylor, M. Tse, A. L. Urban, G. Vajente, G. Valdes, D. C. Vander-Hyde, P. J. Veitch, K. Venkateswara, G. Venugopalan, A. D. Viets, T. Vo, C. Vorvick, M. Wade, R. L. Ward, J. Warner, B. Weaver, R. Weiss, C. Whittle, B. Willke, C. C. Wipf, L. Xiao, Hang Yu, Haocun Yu, L. Zhang, M. E. Zucker, J. Zweizig

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

4 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

High-quality optical resonant cavities require low optical loss, typically on the scale of parts per million. However, unintended micron-scale contaminants on the resonator mirrors that absorb the light circulating in the cavity can deform the surface thermoelastically and thus increase losses by scattering light out of the resonant mode. The point absorber effect is a limiting factor in some high-power cavity experiments, for example, the Advanced LIGO gravitational-wave detector. In this Letter, we present a general approach to the point absorber effect from first principles and simulate its contribution to the increased scattering. The achievable circulating power in current and future gravitational-wave detectors is calculated statistically given different point absorber configurations. Our formulation is further confirmed experimentally in comparison with the scattered power in the arm cavity of Advanced LIGO measured by in situ photodiodes. The understanding presented here provides an important tool in the global effort to design future gravitational-wave detectors that support high optical power and thus reduce quantum noise.

Original language	English
Article number	241102
Journal	Physical Review Letters
Volume	127
Issue number	24
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.127.241102
Publication status	Published - 10 Dec 2021

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10.1103/PhysRevLett.127.241102

Cite this

Jia, W., Yamamoto, H., Kuns, K., Effler, A., Evans, M., Fritschel, P., Abbott, R., Adams, C., Adhikari, R. X., Ananyeva, A., Appert, S., Arai, K., Areeda, J. S., Asali, Y., Aston, S. M., Austin, C., Baer, A. M., Ball, M., Ballmer, S. W., ... Zweizig, J. (2021). Point Absorber Limits to Future Gravitational-Wave Detectors. Physical Review Letters, 127(24), Article 241102. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.127.241102

@article{70f29380088546b191098aefc44744ca,

title = "Point Absorber Limits to Future Gravitational-Wave Detectors",

abstract = "High-quality optical resonant cavities require low optical loss, typically on the scale of parts per million. However, unintended micron-scale contaminants on the resonator mirrors that absorb the light circulating in the cavity can deform the surface thermoelastically and thus increase losses by scattering light out of the resonant mode. The point absorber effect is a limiting factor in some high-power cavity experiments, for example, the Advanced LIGO gravitational-wave detector. In this Letter, we present a general approach to the point absorber effect from first principles and simulate its contribution to the increased scattering. The achievable circulating power in current and future gravitational-wave detectors is calculated statistically given different point absorber configurations. Our formulation is further confirmed experimentally in comparison with the scattered power in the arm cavity of Advanced LIGO measured by in situ photodiodes. The understanding presented here provides an important tool in the global effort to design future gravitational-wave detectors that support high optical power and thus reduce quantum noise.",

author = "Wenxuan Jia and Hiroaki Yamamoto and Kevin Kuns and Anamaria Effler and Matthew Evans and Peter Fritschel and R. Abbott and C. Adams and Adhikari, {R. X.} and A. Ananyeva and S. Appert and K. Arai and Areeda, {J. S.} and Y. Asali and Aston, {S. M.} and C. Austin and Baer, {A. M.} and M. Ball and Ballmer, {S. W.} and S. Banagiri and D. Barker and L. Barsotti and J. Bartlett and Berger, {B. K.} and J. Betzwieser and D. Bhattacharjee and G. Billingsley and S. Biscans and Blair, {C. D.} and Blair, {R. M.} and N. Bode and P. Booker and R. Bork and A. Bramley and Brooks, {A. F.} and Brown, {D. D.} and A. Buikema and C. Cahillane and Cannon, {K. C.} and X. Chen and Ciobanu, {A. A.} and F. Clara and Compton, {C. M.} and Cooper, {S. J.} and Corley, {K. R.} and Countryman, {S. T.} and Covas, {P. B.} and Coyne, {D. C.} and Datrier, {L. E.H.} and D. Davis and {Di Fronzo}, C. and Dooley, {K. L.} and Driggers, {J. C.} and P. Dupej and Dwyer, {S. E.} and T. Etzel and Evans, {T. M.} and J. Feicht and A. Fernandez-Galiana and Frolov, {V. V.} and P. Fulda and M. Fyffe and Giaime, {J. A.} and Giardina, {K. D.} and P. Godwin and E. Goetz and S. Gras and C. Gray and R. Gray and Green, {A. C.} and Gustafson, {E. K.} and R. Gustafson and Hall, {E. D.} and J. Hanks and J. Hanson and T. Hardwick and Hasskew, {R. K.} and Heintze, {M. C.} and Helmling-Cornell, {A. F.} and Holland, {N. A.} and Jones, {J. D.} and S. Kandhasamy and S. Karki and M. Kasprzack and K. Kawabe and N. Kijbunchoo and King, {P. J.} and Kissel, {J. S.} and Rahul Kumar and M. Landry and Lane, {B. B.} and B. Lantz and M. Laxen and Lecoeuche, {Y. K.} and J. Leviton and J. Liu and M. Lormand and Lundgren, {A. P.} and R. Macas and M. Macinnis and Macleod, {D. M.} and Mansell, {G. L.} and S. M{\'a}rka and Z. M{\'a}rka and Martynov, {D. V.} and K. Mason and Massinger, {T. J.} and F. Matichard and N. Mavalvala and R. McCarthy and McClelland, {D. E.} and S. McCormick and L. McCuller and J. McIver and T. McRae and G. Mendell and K. Merfeld and Merilh, {E. L.} and F. Meylahn and T. Mistry and R. Mittleman and G. Moreno and Mow-Lowry, {C. M.} and S. Mozzon and A. Mullavey and Nelson, {T. J.N.} and P. Nguyen and Nuttall, {L. K.} and J. Oberling and Oram, {Richard J.} and C. Osthelder and Ottaway, {D. J.} and H. Overmier and Palamos, {J. R.} and W. Parker and E. Payne and A. Pele and R. Penhorwood and Perez, {C. J.} and M. Pirello and H. Radkins and Ramirez, {K. E.} and Richardson, {J. W.} and K. Riles and Robertson, {N. A.} and Rollins, {J. G.} and Romel, {C. L.} and Romie, {J. H.} and Ross, {M. P.} and K. Ryan and T. Sadecki and Sanchez, {E. J.} and Sanchez, {L. E.} and Saravanan, {T. R.} and Savage, {R. L.} and D. Schaetzl and R. Schnabel and Schofield, {R. M.S.} and E. Schwartz and D. Sellers and T. Shaffer and D. Sigg and Slagmolen, {B. J.J.} and Smith, {J. R.} and S. Soni and B. Sorazu and Spencer, {A. P.} and Strain, {K. A.} and L. Sun and Szczepa{\'n}czyk, {M. J.} and M. Thomas and P. Thomas and Thorne, {K. A.} and K. Toland and Torrie, {C. I.} and G. Traylor and M. Tse and Urban, {A. L.} and G. Vajente and G. Valdes and Vander-Hyde, {D. C.} and Veitch, {P. J.} and K. Venkateswara and G. Venugopalan and Viets, {A. D.} and T. Vo and C. Vorvick and M. Wade and Ward, {R. L.} and J. Warner and B. Weaver and R. Weiss and C. Whittle and B. Willke and Wipf, {C. C.} and L. Xiao and Hang Yu and Haocun Yu and L. Zhang and Zucker, {M. E.} and J. Zweizig",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 American Physical Society.",

year = "2021",

month = dec,

day = "10",

doi = "10.1103/PhysRevLett.127.241102",

language = "English",

volume = "127",

journal = "Physical Review Letters",

issn = "0031-9007",

publisher = "American Physical Society",

number = "24",

}

Jia, W, Yamamoto, H, Kuns, K, Effler, A, Evans, M, Fritschel, P, Abbott, R, Adams, C, Adhikari, RX, Ananyeva, A, Appert, S, Arai, K, Areeda, JS, Asali, Y, Aston, SM, Austin, C, Baer, AM, Ball, M, Ballmer, SW, Banagiri, S, Barker, D, Barsotti, L, Bartlett, J, Berger, BK, Betzwieser, J, Bhattacharjee, D, Billingsley, G, Biscans, S, Blair, CD, Blair, RM, Bode, N, Booker, P, Bork, R, Bramley, A, Brooks, AF, Brown, DD, Buikema, A, Cahillane, C, Cannon, KC, Chen, X, Ciobanu, AA, Clara, F, Compton, CM, Cooper, SJ, Corley, KR, Countryman, ST, Covas, PB, Coyne, DC, Datrier, LEH, Davis, D, Di Fronzo, C, Dooley, KL, Driggers, JC, Dupej, P, Dwyer, SE, Etzel, T, Evans, TM, Feicht, J, Fernandez-Galiana, A, Frolov, VV, Fulda, P, Fyffe, M, Giaime, JA, Giardina, KD, Godwin, P, Goetz, E, Gras, S, Gray, C, Gray, R, Green, AC, Gustafson, EK, Gustafson, R, Hall, ED, Hanks, J, Hanson, J, Hardwick, T, Hasskew, RK, Heintze, MC, Helmling-Cornell, AF, Holland, NA, Jones, JD, Kandhasamy, S, Karki, S, Kasprzack, M, Kawabe, K, Kijbunchoo, N, King, PJ, Kissel, JS, Kumar, R, Landry, M, Lane, BB, Lantz, B, Laxen, M, Lecoeuche, YK, Leviton, J, Liu, J, Lormand, M, Lundgren, AP, Macas, R, Macinnis, M, Macleod, DM, Mansell, GL, Márka, S, Márka, Z, Martynov, DV, Mason, K, Massinger, TJ, Matichard, F, Mavalvala, N, McCarthy, R, McClelland, DE, McCormick, S, McCuller, L, McIver, J, McRae, T, Mendell, G, Merfeld, K, Merilh, EL, Meylahn, F, Mistry, T, Mittleman, R, Moreno, G, Mow-Lowry, CM, Mozzon, S, Mullavey, A, Nelson, TJN, Nguyen, P, Nuttall, LK, Oberling, J, Oram, RJ, Osthelder, C, Ottaway, DJ, Overmier, H, Palamos, JR, Parker, W, Payne, E, Pele, A, Penhorwood, R, Perez, CJ, Pirello, M, Radkins, H, Ramirez, KE, Richardson, JW, Riles, K, Robertson, NA, Rollins, JG, Romel, CL, Romie, JH, Ross, MP, Ryan, K, Sadecki, T, Sanchez, EJ, Sanchez, LE, Saravanan, TR, Savage, RL, Schaetzl, D, Schnabel, R, Schofield, RMS, Schwartz, E, Sellers, D, Shaffer, T, Sigg, D, Slagmolen, BJJ, Smith, JR, Soni, S, Sorazu, B, Spencer, AP, Strain, KA, Sun, L, Szczepańczyk, MJ, Thomas, M, Thomas, P, Thorne, KA, Toland, K, Torrie, CI, Traylor, G, Tse, M, Urban, AL, Vajente, G, Valdes, G, Vander-Hyde, DC, Veitch, PJ, Venkateswara, K, Venugopalan, G, Viets, AD, Vo, T, Vorvick, C, Wade, M, Ward, RL, Warner, J, Weaver, B, Weiss, R, Whittle, C, Willke, B, Wipf, CC, Xiao, L, Yu, H, Yu, H, Zhang, L, Zucker, ME & Zweizig, J 2021, 'Point Absorber Limits to Future Gravitational-Wave Detectors', Physical Review Letters, vol. 127, no. 24, 241102. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.127.241102

TY - JOUR

T1 - Point Absorber Limits to Future Gravitational-Wave Detectors

AU - Jia, Wenxuan

AU - Yamamoto, Hiroaki

AU - Kuns, Kevin

AU - Effler, Anamaria

AU - Evans, Matthew

AU - Fritschel, Peter

AU - Abbott, R.

AU - Adams, C.

AU - Adhikari, R. X.

AU - Ananyeva, A.

AU - Appert, S.

AU - Arai, K.

AU - Areeda, J. S.

AU - Asali, Y.

AU - Aston, S. M.

AU - Austin, C.

AU - Baer, A. M.

AU - Ball, M.

AU - Ballmer, S. W.

AU - Banagiri, S.

AU - Barker, D.

AU - Barsotti, L.

AU - Bartlett, J.

AU - Berger, B. K.

AU - Betzwieser, J.

AU - Bhattacharjee, D.

AU - Billingsley, G.

AU - Biscans, S.

AU - Blair, C. D.

AU - Blair, R. M.

AU - Bode, N.

AU - Booker, P.

AU - Bork, R.

AU - Bramley, A.

AU - Brooks, A. F.

AU - Brown, D. D.

AU - Buikema, A.

AU - Cahillane, C.

AU - Cannon, K. C.

AU - Chen, X.

AU - Ciobanu, A. A.

AU - Clara, F.

AU - Compton, C. M.

AU - Cooper, S. J.

AU - Corley, K. R.

AU - Countryman, S. T.

AU - Covas, P. B.

AU - Coyne, D. C.

AU - Datrier, L. E.H.

AU - Davis, D.

AU - Di Fronzo, C.

AU - Dooley, K. L.

AU - Driggers, J. C.

AU - Dupej, P.

AU - Dwyer, S. E.

AU - Etzel, T.

AU - Evans, T. M.

AU - Feicht, J.

AU - Fernandez-Galiana, A.

AU - Frolov, V. V.

AU - Fulda, P.

AU - Fyffe, M.

AU - Giaime, J. A.

AU - Giardina, K. D.

AU - Godwin, P.

AU - Goetz, E.

AU - Gras, S.

AU - Gray, C.

AU - Gray, R.

AU - Green, A. C.

AU - Gustafson, E. K.

AU - Gustafson, R.

AU - Hall, E. D.

AU - Hanks, J.

AU - Hanson, J.

AU - Hardwick, T.

AU - Hasskew, R. K.

AU - Heintze, M. C.

AU - Helmling-Cornell, A. F.

AU - Holland, N. A.

AU - Jones, J. D.

AU - Kandhasamy, S.

AU - Karki, S.

AU - Kasprzack, M.

AU - Kawabe, K.

AU - Kijbunchoo, N.

AU - King, P. J.

AU - Kissel, J. S.

AU - Kumar, Rahul

AU - Landry, M.

AU - Lane, B. B.

AU - Lantz, B.

AU - Laxen, M.

AU - Lecoeuche, Y. K.

AU - Leviton, J.

AU - Liu, J.

AU - Lormand, M.

AU - Lundgren, A. P.

AU - Macas, R.

AU - Macinnis, M.

AU - Macleod, D. M.

AU - Mansell, G. L.

AU - Márka, S.

AU - Márka, Z.

AU - Martynov, D. V.

AU - Mason, K.

AU - Massinger, T. J.

AU - Matichard, F.

AU - Mavalvala, N.

AU - McCarthy, R.

AU - McClelland, D. E.

AU - McCormick, S.

AU - McCuller, L.

AU - McIver, J.

AU - McRae, T.

AU - Mendell, G.

AU - Merfeld, K.

AU - Merilh, E. L.

AU - Meylahn, F.

AU - Mistry, T.

AU - Mittleman, R.

AU - Moreno, G.

AU - Mow-Lowry, C. M.

AU - Mozzon, S.

AU - Mullavey, A.

AU - Nelson, T. J.N.

AU - Nguyen, P.

AU - Nuttall, L. K.

AU - Oberling, J.

AU - Oram, Richard J.

AU - Osthelder, C.

AU - Ottaway, D. J.

AU - Overmier, H.

AU - Palamos, J. R.

AU - Parker, W.

AU - Payne, E.

AU - Pele, A.

AU - Penhorwood, R.

AU - Perez, C. J.

AU - Pirello, M.

AU - Radkins, H.

AU - Ramirez, K. E.

AU - Richardson, J. W.

AU - Riles, K.

AU - Robertson, N. A.

AU - Rollins, J. G.

AU - Romel, C. L.

AU - Romie, J. H.

AU - Ross, M. P.

AU - Ryan, K.

AU - Sadecki, T.

AU - Sanchez, E. J.

AU - Sanchez, L. E.

AU - Saravanan, T. R.

AU - Savage, R. L.

AU - Schaetzl, D.

AU - Schnabel, R.

AU - Schofield, R. M.S.

AU - Schwartz, E.

AU - Sellers, D.

AU - Shaffer, T.

AU - Sigg, D.

AU - Slagmolen, B. J.J.

AU - Smith, J. R.

AU - Soni, S.

AU - Sorazu, B.

AU - Spencer, A. P.

AU - Strain, K. A.

AU - Sun, L.

AU - Szczepańczyk, M. J.

AU - Thomas, M.

AU - Thomas, P.

AU - Thorne, K. A.

AU - Toland, K.

AU - Torrie, C. I.

AU - Traylor, G.

AU - Tse, M.

AU - Urban, A. L.

AU - Vajente, G.

AU - Valdes, G.

AU - Vander-Hyde, D. C.

AU - Veitch, P. J.

AU - Venkateswara, K.

AU - Venugopalan, G.

AU - Viets, A. D.

AU - Vo, T.

AU - Vorvick, C.

AU - Wade, M.

AU - Ward, R. L.

AU - Warner, J.

AU - Weaver, B.

AU - Weiss, R.

AU - Whittle, C.

AU - Willke, B.

AU - Wipf, C. C.

AU - Xiao, L.

AU - Yu, Hang

AU - Yu, Haocun

AU - Zhang, L.

AU - Zucker, M. E.

AU - Zweizig, J.

PY - 2021/12/10

Y1 - 2021/12/10

N2 - High-quality optical resonant cavities require low optical loss, typically on the scale of parts per million. However, unintended micron-scale contaminants on the resonator mirrors that absorb the light circulating in the cavity can deform the surface thermoelastically and thus increase losses by scattering light out of the resonant mode. The point absorber effect is a limiting factor in some high-power cavity experiments, for example, the Advanced LIGO gravitational-wave detector. In this Letter, we present a general approach to the point absorber effect from first principles and simulate its contribution to the increased scattering. The achievable circulating power in current and future gravitational-wave detectors is calculated statistically given different point absorber configurations. Our formulation is further confirmed experimentally in comparison with the scattered power in the arm cavity of Advanced LIGO measured by in situ photodiodes. The understanding presented here provides an important tool in the global effort to design future gravitational-wave detectors that support high optical power and thus reduce quantum noise.

AB - High-quality optical resonant cavities require low optical loss, typically on the scale of parts per million. However, unintended micron-scale contaminants on the resonator mirrors that absorb the light circulating in the cavity can deform the surface thermoelastically and thus increase losses by scattering light out of the resonant mode. The point absorber effect is a limiting factor in some high-power cavity experiments, for example, the Advanced LIGO gravitational-wave detector. In this Letter, we present a general approach to the point absorber effect from first principles and simulate its contribution to the increased scattering. The achievable circulating power in current and future gravitational-wave detectors is calculated statistically given different point absorber configurations. Our formulation is further confirmed experimentally in comparison with the scattered power in the arm cavity of Advanced LIGO measured by in situ photodiodes. The understanding presented here provides an important tool in the global effort to design future gravitational-wave detectors that support high optical power and thus reduce quantum noise.

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85121589675&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1103/PhysRevLett.127.241102

DO - 10.1103/PhysRevLett.127.241102

M3 - Article

SN - 0031-9007

VL - 127

JO - Physical Review Letters

JF - Physical Review Letters

IS - 24

M1 - 241102

ER -

Point Absorber Limits to Future Gravitational-Wave Detectors

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