TY - JOUR
T1 - Pre-school child blood lead levels in a population-derived Australian birth cohort
T2 - the Barwon Infant Study
AU - Symeonides, Christos
AU - Vuillermin, Peter
AU - Sly, Peter D.
AU - Collier, Fiona
AU - Lynch, Victoria
AU - Falconer, Sandra
AU - Pezic, Angela
AU - Wardrop, Nicole
AU - Dwyer, Terence
AU - Ranganathan, Sarath
AU - Ponsonby, Anne Louise B.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 The Authors. Medical Journal of Australia published by John Wiley & Sons Australia Ltd on behalf of AMPCo Pty Ltd
PY - 2020/3/1
Y1 - 2020/3/1
N2 - Objectives: To investigate blood lead levels in an Australian birth cohort of children; to identify factors associated with higher lead levels. Design, setting: Cross-sectional study within the Barwon Infant Study, a population birth cohort study in the Barwon region of Victoria (1074 infants, recruited June 2010 – June 2013). Data were adjusted for non-participation and attrition by propensity weighting. Participants: Blood lead was measured in 523 of 708 children appraised in the Barwon Infant Study pre-school review (mean age, 4.2 years; SD, 0.3 years). Main outcome measure: Blood lead concentration in whole blood (μg/dL). Results: The median blood lead level was 0.8 μg/dL (range, 0.2–3.7 μg/dL); the geometric mean blood lead level after propensity weighting was 0.97 μg/dL (95% CI, 0.92–1.02 μg/dL). Children in houses 50 or more years old had higher blood lead levels (adjusted mean difference [AMD], 0.13 natural log units; 95% CI, 0.02–0.24 natural log units; P = 0.020), as did children of families with lower household income (per $10 000, AMD, –0.035 natural log units; 95% CI, –0.056 to –0.013 natural log units; P = 0.002) and those living closer to Point Henry (inverse square distance relationship; P = 0.002). Associations between hygiene factors and lead levels were evident only for children living in older homes. Conclusion: Blood lead levels in our pre-school children were lower than in previous Australian surveys and recent surveys in areas at risk of higher exposure, and no children had levels above 5 μg/dL. Our findings support advice to manage risks related to exposure to historical lead, especially in older houses.
AB - Objectives: To investigate blood lead levels in an Australian birth cohort of children; to identify factors associated with higher lead levels. Design, setting: Cross-sectional study within the Barwon Infant Study, a population birth cohort study in the Barwon region of Victoria (1074 infants, recruited June 2010 – June 2013). Data were adjusted for non-participation and attrition by propensity weighting. Participants: Blood lead was measured in 523 of 708 children appraised in the Barwon Infant Study pre-school review (mean age, 4.2 years; SD, 0.3 years). Main outcome measure: Blood lead concentration in whole blood (μg/dL). Results: The median blood lead level was 0.8 μg/dL (range, 0.2–3.7 μg/dL); the geometric mean blood lead level after propensity weighting was 0.97 μg/dL (95% CI, 0.92–1.02 μg/dL). Children in houses 50 or more years old had higher blood lead levels (adjusted mean difference [AMD], 0.13 natural log units; 95% CI, 0.02–0.24 natural log units; P = 0.020), as did children of families with lower household income (per $10 000, AMD, –0.035 natural log units; 95% CI, –0.056 to –0.013 natural log units; P = 0.002) and those living closer to Point Henry (inverse square distance relationship; P = 0.002). Associations between hygiene factors and lead levels were evident only for children living in older homes. Conclusion: Blood lead levels in our pre-school children were lower than in previous Australian surveys and recent surveys in areas at risk of higher exposure, and no children had levels above 5 μg/dL. Our findings support advice to manage risks related to exposure to historical lead, especially in older houses.
KW - Air pollutants
KW - Environmental pollution
KW - Epidemiology
KW - Lead
KW - Longitudinal studies
KW - Public health
KW - Socioeconomic factors
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85075435617&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.5694/mja2.50427
DO - 10.5694/mja2.50427
M3 - Article
SN - 0025-729X
VL - 212
SP - 169
EP - 174
JO - Medical Journal of Australia
JF - Medical Journal of Australia
IS - 4
ER -