Psychostimulant poisoning

Psychostimulants are sympathomimetic activators of the central nervous system. Licit examples include caffeine, decongestants, methylphenidate, dexamphetamine and some drugs for weight loss. While these have the potential for abuse, the major problem in Australia is illicit use of amphetamines, ecstasy (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine) and cocaine. These substances are taken to produce feelings of euphoria and well-being, increased energy and alertness. Potential problems with toxicity range from tachycardia and hypervigilance to seizures, psychosis and serotonin syndrome. Management is primarily directed at reversing the excitation of the central nervous system by sedation with benzodiazepines, but more specific treatments are occasionally indicated.