@inproceedings{15a0952cff9b495993408f7243869aef,
title = "Pumped hydro energy storage to support 100% renewable electricity",
abstract = "Pumped hydro constitutes about 97% of all energy storage. We found 22,000 off-river pumped hydro sites in Australia with energy storage potential of 67 Terawatt hours, which is about 150 times more than required to support a 100% renewable electricity grid. We modelled a 100% renewable electricity system for Australia and found that the cost of balancing (over and above the cost of PV and wind generation) is only about US20/MWh, comprising pumped hydro storage, additional interstate transmission and spillage of PV and wind. Initial site searching of other countries is underway. The USA probably has 100-1000 times more sites than needed to support a 100% renewable electricity grid.",
keywords = "energy storage, photovoltaics, pumped hydro",
author = "Andrew Blakers and Bin Lu and Matt Stocks and Kirsten Anderson and Anna Nadolny",
note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2018 IEEE.; 7th IEEE World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, WCPEC 2018 ; Conference date: 10-06-2018 Through 15-06-2018",
year = "2018",
month = nov,
day = "26",
doi = "10.1109/PVSC.2018.8548026",
language = "English",
series = "2018 IEEE 7th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, WCPEC 2018 - A Joint Conference of 45th IEEE PVSC, 28th PVSEC and 34th EU PVSEC",
publisher = "Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.",
pages = "3672--3675",
booktitle = "2018 IEEE 7th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, WCPEC 2018 - A Joint Conference of 45th IEEE PVSC, 28th PVSEC and 34th EU PVSEC",
address = "United States",
}