Recurrent Chronic Intervillositis: The Diagnostic Challenge – A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Background: Chronic intervillositis (CI) is a rare placental condition involving diffuse infiltration of intervillous spaces by CD68- or CD45-positive maternal mononuclear inflammatory cells. Because no validated clinical or biochemical markers are specific to CI, the diagnosis is purely histopathological and is made postpartum. Case: This report describes a case of recurrent CI associated with adverse complications in two successive pregnancies. Both pregnancies were complicated by intrauterine growth restriction. Coexistent massive perivillous fibrin deposition was present in the first placenta. This case highlights the importance of CI in explaining and predicting adverse perinatal outcomes. Conclusion: CI is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes and a high risk of recurrence, and it can coexist with massive perivillous fibrin deposition. Pathologists must ensure that the significance of these diagnoses is adequately conveyed to clinicians, to optimize management of subsequent pregnancies.