TY - JOUR
T1 - Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
T2 - Influence on Stress and Early Responsiveness Outcomes for Depression, Anxiety, and Stress
AU - Badawi, Amalia
AU - Steel, Zachary
AU - Wijesinghe, Nalin
AU - Berle, David
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
PY - 2022/3
Y1 - 2022/3
N2 - The present study investigated whether rTMS treatment for depression reduced stress and whether early responsiveness of rTMS predicted outcomes for depression, anxiety, and stress at the conclusion of treatment. Participants (n = 109) were inpatients at a psychiatric hospital referred for rTMS for depression. Linear mixed models were used to analyse data across time and regression analyses were used to assess early responsiveness. Effect sizes, and clinically significant and reliable change were also analysed. Decreases in scores for depression, anxiety, and stress were evident from pre- to mid-treatment, and from mid- to post-treatment. Large effect sizes were reported from pre- to post-treatment for depression and stress. Changes in depression from pre- to mid-treatment predicted post-treatment depression and stress scores. Clinically significant change was most common for stress and reliable change was most common for depression. Standard rTMS treatment for depression appears to have non-specific benefits in that participant anxiety and stress ratings also improve significantly. Early improvements in depressive symptoms may be indicative of later depression and stress outcomes, suggesting clinical benefit in assessing outcomes during rTMS treatment.
AB - The present study investigated whether rTMS treatment for depression reduced stress and whether early responsiveness of rTMS predicted outcomes for depression, anxiety, and stress at the conclusion of treatment. Participants (n = 109) were inpatients at a psychiatric hospital referred for rTMS for depression. Linear mixed models were used to analyse data across time and regression analyses were used to assess early responsiveness. Effect sizes, and clinically significant and reliable change were also analysed. Decreases in scores for depression, anxiety, and stress were evident from pre- to mid-treatment, and from mid- to post-treatment. Large effect sizes were reported from pre- to post-treatment for depression and stress. Changes in depression from pre- to mid-treatment predicted post-treatment depression and stress scores. Clinically significant change was most common for stress and reliable change was most common for depression. Standard rTMS treatment for depression appears to have non-specific benefits in that participant anxiety and stress ratings also improve significantly. Early improvements in depressive symptoms may be indicative of later depression and stress outcomes, suggesting clinical benefit in assessing outcomes during rTMS treatment.
KW - Depression
KW - Early responsiveness
KW - Stress
KW - Transcranial magnetic stimulation
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85116335561&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s11126-021-09953-4
DO - 10.1007/s11126-021-09953-4
M3 - Article
SN - 0033-2720
VL - 93
SP - 385
EP - 391
JO - Psychiatric Quarterly
JF - Psychiatric Quarterly
IS - 1
ER -